EDWARD WATERS COLLEGE, INC., APPELLANT,
v.
GLORIOUS JOHNSON, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Edward Waters College appealed a judgment enforcing a default provision in a settlement agreement with Glorious Johnson after the college paid her settlement one day late. The court reversed, holding that a one-day delay in payment was not a material breach because time was not of the essence in the settlement agreement.
The court held that the one-day delay was not a material breach because time was not of the essence in the settlement agreement. None of the three circumstances that make time of the essence were present: there was no express recital, the delay caused no hardship, and no post-default demand for payment was made.
[1] A settlement agreement's default provision allowing for a substantial judgment upon a minor delay in payment is unenforceable when time is not of the essence.
[2] Time is considered of the essence in a contract when there is an express recital by the parties, when the nature of the subject matter would produce hardship or serious i…
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The modern trend of decisions concerning brief delays by one party in performance of a contract or conditions thereunder, in the absence of an express stipulation in the contract that time is of the essence, is to not treat such delays as a failure of a constructive condition discharging the other party unless performance on time was clearly an essential and vital part of the bargain.”
Establishes the legal standard that absent an express time-of-essence clause, brief delays are not treated as material breaches.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJohnson sued Edward Waters College for wrongful termination under Florida's Whistle-Blower's Act. The parties settled at mediation with the college ag…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Time Is Of The Essence cases and more on FLexlaw
PER CURIAM.
Glorious Johnson sued Edward Waters College, Inc., alleging she was terminated from her position at the college in violation of Florida’s Whistle-Blower’s Act, sections 448.101-.105, Florida Statutes (1995). At mediation, the parties reached a settlement agreement which called for the college to pay Johnson’s back salary and wages in full by March 31, 1997, among other things. The college tendered payment one-day late, and Johnson invoked the default provision of the settlement agreement which permitted entry of a judgment in the amount of $250,000 for Johnson should the college default as to the terms and conditions of the agreement. Upon the motion of Johnson, the trial court entered a final judgment enforcing the default provision against the college and entering a judgment of $250,000. Because time was not of the essence in the parties’ settlement agreement, we reverse.
As the court stated in National Exhibition Co. v. Ball, 139 So. 2d 489, 492 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962):
The modern trend of decisions concerning brief delays by one party in performance of a contract or conditions thereunder, in the absence of an express stipulation in the contract that time is of the essence, is to not treat such delays as a failure of a constructive condition discharging the other party unless performance on time was clearly an essential and vital part of the bargain.
Time is considered to be of the essence when one of the following three circumstances apply: (1) where there has been an express recital by the parties; (2) where, from the nature of the subject matter of the contract, the treating of time as a non-essential would produce a hardship, and delay by one party in completing or in complying with a term would necessarily subject the other party to a serious injury or loss; and (3) where an express notice has been given by a party not in default to the other party who is in default, requiring the contract to be performed within a stated time, which must be a reasonable time according to the circumstances. Blaustein v. Weiss, 409 So. 2d 103, 105 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982).
As argued by the appellant, none of these circumstances are present. The settlement agreement contains no express recital that time is of the essence. The failure of the college to-hand-deliver Johnson’s check to her on March 31 caused her no hardship. Finally, Johnson made no post-default demand for payment. Instead, the facts demonstrate that the college was in the process of complying with the terms and conditions of the settlement agreement and merely missed compliance with this one condition by one day. Under these circumstances, we conclude that any breach which may have occurred by tendering payment one day late was not material to the performance of the contract.
Our resolution of this issue is dispositive of this appeal. We expressly do not reach the college’s further arguments that the default clause of this settlement agreement was an unenforceable penalty or that it would be unconscionable to allow Johnson to retain the sum in question as liquidated damages.
REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
BOOTH and VAN NORTWICK, JJ., and COSTELLO, Associate Judge, concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Rose v. Ditto, 804 So. 2d 351 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)…ice given to the defaulting party requiring the contract to be performed within a stated time, which must be a reasonable time according to the circumstances of the case. Id. at 105 (citations omitted); accord Edward Waters College, Inc. v. Johnson, 707 So. 2d 801, 802 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998)(applying the Blaustein factors to hold that without any express recital, time was not of the essence in the parties’ settlement agreement). Notwithstanding that none of the Blau-stein factors are present in this case, Forme…
-
Thomas v. Fusilier, 966 So. 2d 1001 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007)…y nullifying the agreement); Rose, 804 So. 2d at 351 (former husband’s two-day delay in making first installment payment on settlement agreement regarding child support arrear-ages was not' a material breach); Edward Waters College, Inc. v. Johnson, 707 So. 2d 801 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998) (college’s tender of payment one day late was not a material breach of settlement agreement). Third, the treatment of time as nonessential would not have produced a hardship. The former husbánd did not present any evidence that…
-
Gupta v. Gupta, 720 So. 2d 313 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)…PER CURIAM. AFFIRMED. Edward Waters College, Inc. v. Johnson, 707 So. 2d 801 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998). GOSHORN, HARRIS and PETERSON, JJ., concur.…
Authorities Cited
- The Nat'l Exhibition Co. v. Ball, 139 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962)
- Seymour Blaustein and Miriam Blaustein v. Weiss, 409 So. 2d 103 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982)