VIVIENNE CLEMENTE AND JOSE LOUIS HERRADA, APPELLANTS,
v.
DONALD E. HORNE AND DOTTIE LEE HORNE, APPELLEES
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Former tenants appealed the dismissal of their intentional infliction of emotional distress claim arising from constructive eviction due to landlords' failure to maintain rental property in compliance with fire safety and health laws. The court affirmed the dismissal, holding that while the tenants' emotional distress was understandable, the landlords' conduct did not rise to the level of extreme and outrageous conduct required for this tort.
The court held that even assuming the appellants adequately pleaded the first, third, and fourth elements of intentional infliction of emotional distress, their complaint failed because the conduct did not rise to the level of extreme and outrageous conduct required by element two. While the emotional distress from constructive eviction and lack of alternative housing is understandable, it is not the type of conduct so outrageous and extreme as to go beyond the bounds of decency and be utterly intolerable in a civilized community.
[1] A claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress requires conduct that is extreme and outrageous, going beyond all bounds of decency and being utterly intolerable…
[2] The standard for outrageous conduct in Florida is particularly high.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the conduct was outrageous, that is, as to go beyond all bounds of decency, and to be regarded as odious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community”
Second element of intentional infliction of emotional distress tort required by Florida law
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellants Vivienne Clemente and Jose Louis Herrada were tenants who alleged they were constructively evicted from their leased residence because the …
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Constructive Eviction cases and more on FLexlaw
GREEN, Judge.
Vivienne Clemente and her former husband, Jose Louis Herrada appeal the involuntary dismissal with prejudice of their fourth amended action for intentional infliction of emotional distress against their former landlords. We affirm the dismissal.
The appellants/former tenants filed a two count fourth amended complaint predicated upon their constructive eviction from their leased residence as a result of the appellees’ maintenance of the same in violation of numerous county and state fire safety and health laws. Specifically, the appellants alleged that the appellees knew that the property was below the flood elevation level required by FEMA, that the property was continuously in standing water, and that there was water in the electrical fixtures and lights. The appellants further claimed that the property was continuously infested with termites, a condition which was also known to the appellees. As a result of such fire safety laws and health violations, it was further alleged that the Monroe County Fire Marshall had directed the Florida Keys Electric Cooperative Association to terminate all electrical service to the premises rented by the appellants. Thus, the appellants allege that they were constructively evicted and were in a continuous state of severe emotional distress as a result of not having adequate alternative housing readily available to them and their five year old son.
In count one of their amended complaint, the appellants sought statutory damages for breach of their landlords’ duties pursuant to section 83.67, Florida Statutes (1995). In count two, appellants sought damages for appellees’ intentional infliction of emotional distress. The appellees moved for dismissal with prejudice of count two. The lower court dismissed count two with prejudice based upon the economic loss doctrine, and the appellants voluntarily dismissed count one. This appeal followed.
We deem it unnecessary to delve into the issue of whether this tort action is barred by the economic loss doctrine, based upon our legal conclusion that the allegations, taken as true, do not otherwise constitute the type of extreme conduct necessary to support a claim for the intentional infliction of emotional distress. The elements for this tort are:
(1) [T]he wrongdoer’s conduct was intentional or reckless, that is, he intended his behavior when he knew or should have known that emotional distress would likely result;
(2) the conduct was outrageous, that is, as to go beyond all bounds of decency, and to be regarded as odious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community;
(3) the conduct caused emotional distress; and (4) the emotional distress was severe.
Dominguez v. Equitable Life Assurance Soc’y of U.S., 438 So. 2d 58, 59 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), decision approved sub nom. Crawford & Co. v. Dominguez, 467 So. 2d 281 (Fla.1985); see also State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Novotny, 657 So. 2d 1210, 1212 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995); Food Lion, Inc. v. Clifford, 629 So. 2d 201, 202 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993), review dismissed, 632 So. 2d 1025 (Fla.1994). Contrary to appellees’ assertion, proof of physical injury or impact is not necessary to sustain an action for the intentional infliction of emotional distress. See Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46 cmt. k (1965); Williams v. City of Minneola, 575 So. 2d 683, 693 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991) (“the ‘impact’ rule is unrelated to emotional distress cases where intentional conduct or its equivalent is involved.”); Mallock v. Southern Mem’l Park, Inc., 561 So. 2d 330, 332, n. 2 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990); American Fed’n of Gov’t Employees v. DeGrio, 454 So. 2d 632, 638 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984), decision approved, 484 So. 2d 1 (Fla.1986); Steiner & Munach, P.A. v. Williams, 334 So. 2d 39, 42 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976); see also Eastern Airlines, Inc. v. King, 557 So. 2d 574, 579 (Fla.1990) (Ehrlich, J., specially concurring).
Assuming, without deciding, that appellants have sufficiently pled elements one, three, and four of the tort, we do not believe that the conduct complained of by the appellants in this case rises to that level of extreme and outrageous conduct necessary to satisfy element two. According to the amended complaint, the source of the appellants’ continuous emotional distress was being constructively evicted from the premises as a result of appellees’ knowing failure to maintain the same in accordance with Florida law, and not having adequate alternative housing readily available to them. The Restatement (Second) of Torts defines extreme and outrageous conduct needed to support this tort as that which is so outrageous in character, ánd so' extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community. Generally, the case is one in which the recitation of the facts to an average member of the community would arouse his resentment against the actor, and lead him to exelaim, ‘Outrageous!’
Restatement (Second) of Torts, § 46 cmt. d (1965); see also Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. McCarson, 467 So. 2d 277, 278 (Fla.1985) (adopting Restatement language); see also Patterson v. Downtown Med. & Diagnostic Ctr., Inc., 866 F.Supp. 1379, 1383 (M.D.Fla.1994) (“The standard for ‘outrageous conduct’ is particularly high in Florida.”). “It is not enough that the intent is tortious or criminal; it is not enough that the defendant intended to inflict emotional distress; and it is not enough if the conduct was characterized by malice or aggravation which would entitle the plaintiff to punitive damages for another tort.” State Farm Mut. Auto., 657 So. 2d at 1213 (citing Food Lion, 629 So. 2d at 203; Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46).
The anxiety and/or stress associated with being constructively evicted from one’s residence under the circumstances presented in this case, and not having suitable alternative housing is certainly understandable. It is not, however, the type of conduct that is so outrageous in character and so extreme in degree as to go beyond the bounds of decency and be deemed utterly intolerable in a civilized community. Cf. Restatement (Second) of Torts § 46 cmt. d, illus. 1-3; Williams, 575 So. 2d at 691 (police officers displayed autopsy photos and videotape of the plaintiffs’ brother and son, both at a dinner party and at the chief of police’s desk); Dependable Life Ins. Co. v. Harris, 510 So. 2d 985, 988-89 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987) (insurance company agent threatened and harassed disabled policy holder in several “vicious verbal attack[s]”); Dominguez, 438 So. 2d at 61-62 (agent of insurance company intentionally made false statements to the disabled plaintiff that plaintiff was no longer disabled, that she received a letter from her eye doctor asserting as such, and that she was no longer covered under her policy, and that she should surrender the policy); Kirkpatrick v. Zitz, 401 So. 2d 850, 851 (Fla. 1st DCA), dismissed sub nom. Transamerica Ins. Co. v. Kirkpatrick, 411 So. 2d 385 (Fla.1981) (insurer of pet store deliberately exposed plaintiff to death by directing pet store owner not to tell plaintiff that the skunk, which bit her in the pet store, was lost prior to rabies incubation period). For this reason, we conclude that an action for the intentional infliction of emotional distress does not properly lie and the trial court’s dismissal of this action must be affirmed.
Affirmed.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (18 total)
-
Devil LeGRANDE and Eliamise LeGrande v. Emmanuel, 889 So. 2d 991 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004)…utrageous, that is, as to go beyond all bounds of decency, and to be regarded as odious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community; (3) the conduct caused emotion distress; and (4) the emotional distress was severe. [*995] Clemente v. Horne, 707 So. 2d 865, 866 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). As we held in Clem-ente, the allegations in this case fail to rise to that level of extreme and outrageous conduct necessary to satisfy element two. Id. The Restatement of Torts, defines the requisite extreme and outrageous…
-
Deauville Hotel Mgmt., LLC v. Kemesia Boota Ward and Patrick James Ward, 219 So. 3d 949 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017)…nfliction of emotional distress, it must be “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” Clemente v. Horne, 707 So. 2d 865, 867 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998) (quotation omitted). It is not “enough that the defendant has acted with an intent which is tortious or even criminal, or that he has intended to inflict emotional distress, or even that his conduct has been characterized by…
-
Gallogly v. Rodriguez, 970 So. 2d 470 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007)…egarded as odious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community; (3) the conduct caused emotion[al] distress; and (4) the emotional distress was severe. LeGrande v. Emmanuel, 889 So. 2d 991, 994-95 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004) (quoting Clemente v. Home, 707 So. 2d 865, 866 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)). The Restatement of Torts defines the type of outrageous conduct needed to support the second element of the tort: It has not been enough that the defendant has acted with an intent which is tortious or even criminal, or th…
Previewing 3 of 18 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (15 total)
- Metro. Life Ins. Co. v. McCARSON, 467 So. 2d 277 (Fla. 1985)
- Dominguez v. Equitable Life Assurance Soc'y OF the United States, 438 So. 2d 58 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
- Williams v. City OF Minneola, 575 So. 2d 683 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)
- E. Airlines, Inc. v. King, 557 So. 2d 574 (Fla. 1990)
- Dependable Life Ins. Co. v. Harris, 510 So. 2d 985 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987)
- Crawford & Co. v. Dominguez, 467 So. 2d 281 (Fla. 1985)
- State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Novotny, 657 So. 2d 1210 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995)
- Patterson v. Downtown Med. & Diagnostic Ctr., Inc., 866 F. Supp. 1379 (M.D. Fla. 1994)
- Steiner & Munach, P.A. v. Williams, 334 So. 2d 39 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976)
- Food Lion, Inc. v. Clifford, 629 So. 2d 201 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993)