STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
DARRON K. WHITING, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
The State appealed a downward departure sentence imposed on a truant officer convicted of sexual battery on a minor. The court reversed, holding that none of the trial court's stated reasons for the departure were valid, and remanded for resentencing within the guidelines with the defendant permitted to withdraw his no-contest plea.
The court held that none of the stated reasons for downward departure were valid. Lack of prior criminal history is already considered in the guidelines; remorse alone is insufficient without additional factors and was not adequately demonstrated here; consent is not an appropriate mitigating factor for a crime of sexual battery on a minor under the authority's control; and the facts contradicted the finding of unsophisticated and isolated conduct.
[1] Lack of prior criminal history is not a valid reason for a downward departure sentence because it is accounted for by the sentencing guidelines.
[2] Remorse alone may be a sufficient mitigating factor for a downward departure sentence, but the record must contain evidence of such remorse.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a person who is in a position of authority over a child under eighteen and who engages in conduct defined as sexual battery with that child while that child is twelve or older — regardless of "the willingness or consent" of the child — is guilty of a first-degree felony”
Establishes that consent is irrelevant to the crime itself and therefore cannot be a mitigating factor at sentencing
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn January 1996, Darron K. Whiting, a 29-year-old truant officer, removed a 13-year-old female student from her classroom using his authority as a tru…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Unsophisticated Manner cases and more on FLexlaw
THREADGILL, Acting Chief Judge.
The state contends the trial court erred in imposing a downward departure sentence on Darron K. Whiting for engaging in sexual activity with a minor. We agree and reverse.
In January 1996, Whiting was a twenty-nine-year-old truant officer who, under the guise of his authority as such, removed a thirteen-year-old female student from her school classroom in the middle of the afternoon — with her consent, brought her to his home, and engaged in illicit sexual activity with her. Pursuant to a plea agreement with the trial court, which the state opposed, Whiting pleaded no contest to and was adjudicated guilty of a violation of section 794.011(8)(b), Florida Statutes (1995), which provides that a person who is in a position of authority over a child under eighteen and who engages in conduct defined as sexual battery with that child while that child is twelve or older — regardless of “the willingness or consent” of the child — is guilty of a first-degree felony.
As part of the plea agreement, Whiting was given a suspended ten-year prison term and was sentenced to two years of community control and five years of probation. Because Whiting’s guidelines sentencing range was nine to fifteen years in prison, the sentence imposed constituted a downward departure. As reasons-for the departure, the trial court orally pronounced that it was relying on Whiting’s show of remorse under State v. Sachs, 526 So. 2d 48 (Fla.1988); the fact that “the offense was committed in an unsophisticated manner and was an isolated incident for which the defendant has shown remorse,” under State v. Chandler, 668 So. 2d 1087 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996), and section 921.0016(4)(j), Florida Statutes (1995); and the victim’s consent under State v. Johns, 576 So. 2d 1332 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991), and section 921.0016(4)(f), Florida Statutes (1995).
Whiting’s guidelines scoresheet indicates Whiting’s lack of a prior criminal history as an additional reason for the downward departure. Upon sentencing, a written finding was entered, declaring Whiting to be a sexual predator under section 775.23(2), Florida Statutes (1995) and/or section 775.21, Florida Statutes (Supp.1996).
Pursuant to section 921.001(6), Florida Statutes (1995), a departure sentence may be imposed if the reasons therefor are valid and supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Only one valid reason is necessary to sustain a departure. Id. After reviewing the reasons set forth herein, we conclude that there was no basis for a downward departure in this instance.-
Lack of a prior criminal history is not a valid reason for a downward departure sentence, because that fact is taken into account by the sentencing guidelines. See Sachs, 526 So. 2d at 50. Whether remorse alone is sufficient to sustain a downward departure, however, depends on how Sachs is interpreted with respect to that particular factor. For instance, State v. Howell, 572 So. 2d 1009 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), and State v. Lacey, 553 So. 2d 778 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989), have interpreted Sachs as holding that remorse can provide a basis for a downward departure only in connection with other factors. That interpretation is bolstered by section 921.0016(4), Florida Statutes (1995), which sets forth a variety of mitigating factors for a downward departure, but references remorse only one time and only in connection with other factors. See 921.0016(4)(j).
Section 921.0016 was enacted, in its entirety, in 199B, subsequent to Sachs, Howell, and Lacey. See Ch. 93-406, § 13, Laws of Fla. Sachs, however, is susceptible of an interpretation contrary to Howell and Lacey, in that Sachs does say that remorse alone is a sufficient mitigating factor; although, remorse in that case was accompanied by other valid mitigating factors. Prior to Sachs, remorse alone was an insufficient basis for a downward departure. See State v. Peters, 500 So. 2d 704 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); State v. Myers, 515 So. 2d 333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987).
In this instance, even if remorse alone can support a downward departure, the record fails to contain any evidence of such as required by Sachs. Here, Whiting merely uttered a brief apology for the pain he caused the victim’s family, as well as his own. He did not otherwise express any regret as to his actual conduct, nor did he acknowledge any wrongdoing.
Consent is also not an appropriate mitigating factor under these circumstances. See State v. Harrell, 691 So. 2d 46 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997).
See also State v. Scaife, 676 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996); State v. Smith, 668 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996); State v. Johns, 576 So. 2d 1332,1335 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)(suggesting that a person in a position of trust and authority who engages in illicit sexual conduct with' an underage person is particularly ineligible to use consent as a mitigating factor).
To consider consent as a mitigating factor in this instance would be particularly egregious, since illicit sexual activity with a child over whom, one has an official position of authority is a crime, regardless of “the willingness or consent” of the child. See § 794.011 (8)(b); Smith, 668 So. 2d at 644 (consent cannot be a mitigating factor for committing a lewd act upon a child under section 800.04, because “irrelevance of consent as a defense is an inherent component of the crime”).
Pursuant to section 921.0016(4)©, Florida Statutes (1995), a finding that an “offense was committed in an unsophisticated manner and was an isolated incident for which the defendant has shown remorse” is a valid reason for a downward departure. The’ record in this instance, however, fails to support such a finding, because not only was there insufficient evidence of remorse, but the facts of the case contradict the trial court’s finding that the offense herein was committed in an unsophisticated manner and was an isolated incident. See State v. Spioch, 706 So. 2d 32 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)(to claim a crime was committed in an unsophisticated manner as a basis for a downward departure consistent with section 921.0016(4)(j), it must also be shown that the crime was an isolated incident for which the defendant showed remorse).
The record shows that Whiting stipulated to the facts and surrounding circumstances recited by the prosecutor. The prosecutor explained that Whiting engaged in conduct similar to that at issue here with a seventeen-year-old friend of the victim in the instant case — at the victim’s house — the Friday before the incident involving the victim. As with the victim, Whiting supplied drugs and alcohol to the friend, while he was on duty as a truant officer. He then engaged in sexual intercourse with her. He continued to pursue the girl through the weekend. The following Monday, he approached the victim, who is a schoolmate of his twelve-year-old son, with his plan for a rendezvous with her, and she readily accepted. The state informed the trial court that several students witnessed the fact that Whiting approached the victim with the plan, and that the school board conducted an investigation that revealed the same. The prosecutor’s recitation further indicated that Whiting was able to easily execute his plan in his capacity as a truant officer, as he was prepared with a convincing cover story for removing the girl from her class, as well as with drugs, alcohol, contraceptive devices, an empty house, and even a video camera. Such facts do not demonstrate a lack of sophistication, nor do they indicate that this was an isolated incident.
Based on the foregoing, Whiting’s downward departure sentence is reversed, and this cause is remanded for resentencing within the guidelines. Because the sentence resulted from an agreement between the trial court and Whiting, Whiting should be per mitted to •withdraw his no-contest plea remand. See Harrell. on Reversed and remanded.
ALTENBERND and FULMER, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
State v. Rife, 789 So. 2d 288 (Fla. 2001)…, 118 L.Ed.2d 216 (1992); State v. Sorakrai, 543 So. 2d 294 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989). Unlike the others, howev [*297] er, this statute is specifically directed toward defendants who are “in a position of familial or custodial authority.” State v. Whiting, 711 So. 2d 1212 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998). This is not a statute that could apply to star-crossed lovers who engage in consensual sex, and are close in age. See e.g., B.B. v. State, 659 So. 2d 256 (Fla.1995). Here, the statute seeks to penalize an adult who preys upon chi…1 / 2
-
State v. Randall, 746 So. 2d 550 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)…1216 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998). In addition, even if some of the court’s stated reasons are insufficient, only one valid reason is necessary to sustain a departure. § 921.002(3). See also Paul v. State, 722 So. 2d 224 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998); State v. Whiting, 711 So. 2d 1212 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998).2 In this case, the trial court determined the sales constituted isolated incidents, close in time, to the same person, at a time when Randall was trying to provide a good Christmas for his family, (an unsophisticated behavior) a…1 / 2
-
State v. Amodeo, 750 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)…es. . Banks v. State, 732 So. 2d 1065 (Fla.1999); State v. Sachs, 526 So. 2d 48 (Fla.1988). . See State v. Collins, 482 So. 2d 388 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985) (merely pleading guilty is not sufficient cooperation for a departure). . See State v. Whiting, 711 So. 2d 1212 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998) (record failed to contain any evidence of remorse where the defendant merely apologized for the pain he caused the victim's family but did not otherwise express regret or acknowledge his wrongdoing).…
Previewing 3 of 9 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (11 total)
- State v. Sachs, 526 So. 2d 48 (Fla. 1988)
- State v. Spioch, 706 So. 2d 32 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)
- State v. Johns, 576 So. 2d 1332 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)
- State v. Lintalliferro Chandler, 668 So. 2d 1087 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996)
- Barnes v. State, 553 So. 2d 778 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989)
- State v. Smith, 668 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
- State v. Peters, 500 So. 2d 704 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987)
- State v. Myers, 515 So. 2d 333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
- State v. Antoine Scaife, 676 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
- State v. Rhymer R. Howell, Jr., 572 So. 2d 1009 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)