COY A. KOONTZ, APPELLANT,
v.
ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1998-09-18
No. 97-3285
DAUKSCH and W. SHARP, JJ., concur.
720 So. 2d 560 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1998) Negative Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Coy Koontz challenged the St. Johns River Water Management District's rejection of his permit application to develop 3.4 acres of wetlands on his 14.9-acre property. The District had conditioned permit approval on Koontz deeding two-thirds of his property to conservation and performing off-site mitigation work on District-owned parcels miles away. The court affirmed the District's statutory authority but reversed the ripeness determination, holding that Koontz had exhausted administrative remedies and could pursue his regulatory taking claim.


Holding

The court held that Koontz's regulatory taking claim was ripe for adjudication. The District's rejection of his application constituted final agency action, and there is no requirement that a property owner continue submitting modified applications with additional concessions before challenging a permit denial as an unconstitutional taking.


Headnotes

[1] A regulatory taking claim is ripe when an administrative agency has made a final decision on an application and the landowner is unwilling to make further concessions.

[2] A landowner is not required to repeatedly submit modified applications to an agency after an initial application has been rejected if the landowner has reached the limit…

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Key Quotes

“It is St. Johns' position that since there was a chance that a modified application might be approved, there was no final agency action... We disagree. Koontz made a specific application to the District for permits that would permit him to develop a fraction of his property... The District turned him down. It made a final decision on the only application before it.”

Establishes the court's holding that rejection of a specific permit application constitutes final agency action despite the theoretical possibility of reapplication.

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Facts & Procedural History

Koontz owned 14.9 acres in Orange County zoned commercial and residential, located in a designated Riparian Habitat Protection Zone on a tributary of …

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Opinion of the Court
HARRIS, Judge.

HARRIS, Judge.

Coy Koontz owns 14.9 acres in Orange County. He has owned the property, zoned commercial in front and residential in the rear, since 1971. Legislative land-use restrictions have been enacted over the years which substantially impact the property. The property is located on a tributary of the Econlockhatchee River in an area now designated by the St. Johns River Management District (St.Johns) as a part of a designated hydrologic basin and largely within the Riparian Habitat Protection Zone. Nevertheless, Koontz wanted to develop a portion of his property. He sought a management and storage of surface waters permit to dredge 3.4 acres of wetlands with an accompanying wetland resource management permit from St. Johns.

A staff person of St. Johns agreed to recommend approval if Koontz would deed the remaining portion of his property to a conservation area and do off-site mitigation by either replacing culverts on St. Johns’ property four and one-half miles southeast of the Koontz property or by plugging certain canals on other property owned by St. Johns some seven miles from the Koontz property. Koontz agreed to deed his excess property into conservation status but refused the off-site mitigation demand. St. Johns rejected his application.

Koontz sued in circuit court claiming that St. Johns had no legislative authority to create the Econlockhatchee River Hydrologic Basin because the legislation relied on unconstitutionally delegated such authority. Alternatively, he sued to establish a regulatory taking. The trial court upheld the District’s authority to designate the hydrological basin and determined that his regulatory taking was not ripe. We affirm the validity of the statutes1 under the authority of St. Johns River Management District v. Consolidated-Tomoka Land Co., 717 So. 2d 72 (Fla. 1st DCA July 29, 1998). See also, Askew v. Cross Key Waterways, 372 So. 2d 913 (Fla. 1978); We reverse the ripeness determination and remand for trial.

It is St. Johns’ position that since there was a chance that a modified application might be approved, there was no final agency action. To be more precise, the District argued that since it had indicated that it would have granted the application if the owner had agreed to the off-site improvements, the owner should be required to make additional filings making other concessions until the District finally approves the permits before the owner is permitted to pursue a regulatory taking. We disagree. Koontz made a specific application to the District for permits that would permit him to develop a fraction of his property. His position, in effect, was that the application he filed and the concessions he was willing to make to the District in order for it to issue the permits (his giving up over two-thirds of his property to the District) was all that he could do and still retain an economic use of his property. The District turned him down. It made a final decision on the only application before it. One of the members of the District observed: “If they got a lawyer they ought to get him, get on with him.” There is no requirement that an owner turned down in his effort to develop his property must continue to submit offers until the governing body finally approves one before he can go to court.2 If the governing body finally turns down an application and the owner does not desire to make any further concessions in order to possibly obtain an approval, the issue is ripe. The owner in this ease drew a line in the sand and told the District: “I can go no further.” Whether the owner can now convince the court that there has, in fact, been a taking is the issue properly before the trial court.

AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part and REMANDED for further action consistent with this opinion.

DAUKSCH and W. SHARP, JJ., concur. . Koontz attacked the validity of the legislative grant of power to St. Johns to regulate or even designate the Econlockhatchee River Ecological Basin. We uphold the legislation. We are concerned, however, with the District's application of the statutes and/or its rules. A staff person determined that Koontz would have to give two-thirds of his property and do mitigation work on either of two parcels owned by the District in order to get his permits. We inquired at oral argument just where an owner could look in the statutes or in the District’s rules to see what would be required of him to get a permit. By what criteria did the staff person determine that two-thirds of his property would be required instead of one-half? Why was off-site mitigation necessary and, if necessary, why not require mitigation on both parcels? What would insure that if his neighbor made a similar application, similar demands would be made of him? Would the District’s requirements have been the same if a different staff person had been assigned to the case? How does a landowner or a prospective buyer reasonably assess what the District is likely going to require in order for development to take place in areas regulated by the District. The attorney for the District could do no better than say the requirements are set out somewhere in the statutes and the rules. Perhaps if the specific question had been raised on appeal, we could have gotten a better answer. . The trial court seemed to justify its denial of the owner’s regulatory taking count, in large part, on the statement in Williamson Co. Regional Planning v. Hamilton Bank, 473 U.S. 172, 191, 105 S.Ct. 3108, 87 L.Ed.2d 126 (1985):

[A determination as to whether one has been denied the economically feasible use of his property] simply cannot be evaluated until the administrative agency has arrived at a final, definitive position regarding how it will apply the regulations at issue to the particular land in question.

But in Williamson, the applicant had not applied, and been turned down, for a variance that could have substantially affected the use of his property. Here, there was no other procedure left to the applicant to realize the economic feasibility of his project. The owner's only hope was for the District to change its mind on its conditions for approving the grant of the permits. St. Johns suggests that Koontz should have been required to submit another application offering to give the District two-thirds of his property and do the off-site improvements to one of the parcels owned by the District. And if the District still rejected the plan, he should have been required to submit yet another application agreeing to give two thirds of his property and possibly do the off-site improvements on the District’s property but perhaps capping the cost to a particular amount. Such a requirement would eventually discourage the owner so that he might just go away. Here, the District turned down the owner’s final submission. The issue is ripe.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Taylor v. City OF Riviera Beach, 801 So. 2d 259 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …eighteen story hotel [by applying for building permits] and Pompano Beach had evinced an intention not to give it [by denying the permits], Yardarm’s claim [for inverse condemnation] was ripe.”); see also Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Mgmt. Dist., 720 So. 2d 560 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) (river management district’s denial of property owner’s application for permit to dredge wetlands was final agency action rendering the claim for a regulatory taking ripe for judicial review). Riviera Beach’s argument that Shill…
  • …oontz) was not ripe for adjudication and remanded the matter for a trial on whether the actions of the St. Johns River Water Management District (St. Johns) effected a taking of Mr. Koontz’s property. See Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Mgmt. Dist., 720 So. 2d 560, 562 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) (Koontz I), review denied, 729 So. 2d 394 (Fla.1999). After the trial court determined that a taking had occurred, St. Johns twice attempted to appeal that determination, but the Fifth District dismissed both appeals, conclu…
  • …e Estate of Coy A. Koontz, Sr., compensation for the District’s temporary taking of Coy A. Koontz, Sr.’s [“Mr. Koontz”] property. This is the fourth time that this case has been appealed to this Court. See Koontz v. St Johns River Water Mgmt. Dist., 720 So. 2d 560 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) [*9] [“Koontz /”]; St. Johns River Water Mgmt. Dist. v. Koontz, 861 So. 2d 1267 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) [“Koontz 17”]; St. Johns River Water Mgmt. Dist. v. Koontz, 908 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005) [“Koontz III ”]. We affirm. This…

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