RAMON HERNANDEZ, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1998-11-25
No. 97-1714
SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ. concur.
723 So. 2d 857 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1998) Negative Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

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Holding

The court held that the trial court's jury instruction on entrapment was inaccurate and incomplete, requiring a new trial. The court also found that the admission of incomprehensible audio tapes was improper.


Headnotes

[1] A jury instruction on entrapment is inaccurate or incomplete if it requires the defendant to prove inducement by a preponderance of the evidence without also instructing…

[2] A trial court errs by giving a jury instruction on entrapment that does not comply with controlling precedent from the Florida Supreme Court.

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Facts & Procedural History

The defendant was convicted of trafficking cocaine and conspiracy to traffic cocaine. The trial court gave a jury instruction on entrapment that the d…

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Opinion of the Court
DELL, J.

DELL, J.

Ramon Hernandez appeals his conviction for trafficking cocaine and conspiracy to traffic cocaine. He argues that the trial court erred when it gave an incorrect jury instruction for the defense of entrapment and when it admitted two audio tape recordings into evidence. We reverse and remand for a new trial.

At the conclusion of the evidence, the trial court granted appellant’s request for an instruction on the defense of entrapment. However, appellant’s counsel objected to the form of the proposed instruction because it provided, “[T]he defendant must prove to you by preponderance of the evidence that his criminal conduct occurred as the result of entrapment.” The trial court overruled appellant’s objection and gave the instruction. On appeal, he argues that the jury instruction on entrapment was inaccurate and incomplete in light of the Florida Supreme Court’s opinion in Munoz v. State, 629 So. 2d 90 (Fla.1993), and this court’s opinion in Vazquez v. State, 700 So. 2d 5 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997), rev. granted, 705 So. 2d 902 (Fla.), cause dismissed, 718 So. 2d 755, 23 Fla. Law Weekly S428 (Fla.1998).

In Vazquez, the trial judge gave the same jury instruction that is at issue here. This court reversed and remanded:

Under this new formulation set forth in Munoz, it seems clear that the following text from the current standard jury instruction is inaccurate or incomplete: “the defendant must prove to you by a preponderance of the evidence that his criminal conduct occurred as a result of entrapment.” Munoz held that the defendant has the burden of proving inducement. Moreover, once defendant presents any evidence showing a lack of predisposition, the burden of proving predisposition shifts back to the prosecution to overcome the defendant’s showing beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, we agree that the standard jury instruction does not fairly and correctly present the current state of the law on this issue. The trial judge should have given an instruction that complies with Munoz.

700 So. 2d at 13.1 We hold, as we did in Vazquez, that the trial court’s instruction did not comply with the supreme court’s opinion in Munoz v. State, and appellant must be granted a new trial.

Appellant’s second point on appeal also merits discussion. At trial, Detectives Daniel Losey and John Curry testified about conversations occurring between themselves, appellant, a confidential informant, and Antonio Duque, another defendant. During Detective Lose/s testimony, he referred to audio tapes made from a body wire he wore during several of these conversations. The trial court admitted the two audio tapes over defense counsel’s objection. During the playing of the first tape, defense counsel argued that the tape was incomprehensible and pointed out that the court reporter was not transcribing all of its contents. The court stated, “For the most part, it is in Spanish. Since we do not know if any of the jurors speak Spanish, we do not know if anyone understands anything.” The court stated that the reporter should just take down as much as she could and allowed the State to play the second audio tape. Appellant’s argument that the tape was incomprehensible has merit. On remand, if the State elects to introduce the audio tapes, a sworn interpreter must be provided to translate such conversations as may be necessary to preclude the potential of prejudice. Hutchens v. State, 469 So. 2d 924 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985).

Accordingly, we reverse and remand for a new trial.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ. concur. . On motion for rehearing, this court certified a question to the Florida Supreme Court addressing the inaccuracy or incompleteness of the jury instruction for the defense of entrapment. The supreme court denied certification, but noted that "the standard jury instruction on the defense of entrapment was recently modified by our opinion in Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, 23 Fla.L. Weekly S407, S415-16, 723 So. 2d 123, 142-143 (July 16, 1998).” State v. Vazquez, 718 So. 2d 755, 23 Fla.L. Weekly S428 (Fla.1998). The current standard jury instruction on the defense of entrapment, applicable to offenses occurring on or after October 1, 1987, provides as follows:

On the issue of entrapment, the defendant must prove to you by the greater weight of the evidence that a law enforcement officer or agent induced or encouraged the crime charged. Greater weight of the evidence means that evidence which is more persuasive and convincing. If the defendant does so, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was predisposed to commit the (crime charged). The State must prove defendant’s predisposition to commit the (crime charged) existed prior to and independent of the inducement or encouragement.

Standard Jury Instr. in Criminal Cases (97-2), 23 Fla.L. Weekly S407, S415, 723 So. 2d 123, 142 (Fla.1998).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Fernandez v. State, 21 So. 3d 155 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)
    …66); see also Gopar-Santana v. State, 862 So. 2d 54, 55 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003); Gil v. State, 266 So. 2d 43, 45 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972). An interpreter is required, however, when audio recordings in Spanish are admitted into evidence. See Hernandez v. State, 723 So. 2d 857, 859 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998) (stating that the jury should have been provided with an interpreter to translate Spanish-language audio tapes); Hutchens v. State, 469 So. 2d 924, 925 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985) (same). In this appeal, Fernandez claims that the tr…
  • State v. Alethia Jones, 772 So. 2d 40 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)
    …nce abuser. The trial court concluded that it had the discretion under section 948.01(13) to order drug offender probation in lieu of imprisonment under the sentencing guidelines. In a separate written order, the trial court cited to State v. Brown, 723 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998), and State v. Williams, 759 So. 2d 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998), to support the sentence which was allegedly being imposed, not as a departure sentence, but outside the guidelines. Jones executed a written plea of nolo con-tendere to th…
  • Mendez-Martinez v. State, 232 So. 3d 5 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017)
    …DCA 2003). Further, when the State seeks to admit into evidence a recording in Spanish, generally “a sworn interpreter must be provided to translate such conversations as may be necessary to preclude the potential of prejudice.” Hernandez v. State, 723 So. 2d 857, 859 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998); see also Hutchens v. State, 469 So. 2d 924, 925 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985) (finding the court erred in allowing the State to admit audio recordings into evidence “without having such recording translated into English for the jurors…

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