STRAUB CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS GENERAL PARTNER OF PALM BEACH PARK CENTRE, LTD., GEORGE E. STRAUB AND GLENN E. STRAUB, APPELLANTS,
v.
L. FRANK CHOPIN, P.A., JACQUELINE S. MILLER, P.A., AND JOEL H. YUDENFREUND, P.A., AS GENERAL PARTNERS OF CHOPIN, MILLER & YUDENFREUND, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1998-10-01
Nos. 97-0353, 97-1578
TAYLOR, J., and FRUSCIANTE, JOHN A., Associate Judge, concur., POLEN, TAYLOR, JJ., and FRUSCIANTE, JOHN A., Associate Judge, concur.
724 So. 2d 577 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1998) Caution
Cited by 25 cases

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Synopsis

Straub Capital Corporation (landlord) appeals a judgment awarding the law firm tenants $158,619 in lost profits for negligent misrepresentation regarding office space availability. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed, holding that the economic loss rule bars tort claims for negligent misrepresentation when the misrepresentation concerns a party's performance under the contract itself.


Holding

The economic loss rule bars the tenants' negligent misrepresentation claim because the misrepresentations were directly related to the landlord's performance under the lease and constitute no tort independent of the alleged breach of contract. The award of damages for negligent misrepresentation is reversed, and the attorney's fees award is reversed and remanded for reconsideration in light of the tenants' success solely on a breach of contract claim.


Headnotes

[1] The economic loss rule bars a claim for negligent misrepresentation when the alleged misrepresentations are directly related to the breaching party's performance under a…

[2] Misrepresentations relating to a party's performance of a contract do not give rise to an independent cause of action in tort if such misrepresentations are inseparable f…

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Key Quotes

“absent a tort independent of breach of contract, the remedy for economic loss lies in contract law”

Establishes the foundational principle of the economic loss rule that prevents tort recovery for purely economic losses without an independent tort

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Facts & Procedural History

Straub Capital Corporation leased office space to Chopin, Miller & Yudenfreund, a law firm formed by former Cadwalader attorneys. The landlord alleged…

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Opinion of the Court
POLEN, Judge.

POLEN, Judge.

In these consolidated appeals, the landlord, Straub Capital Corp. (SCC), appeals a final judgment awarding the law firms/tenants lost profits in the amount of $158,619.00 on the tenants’ claim of negligent misrepresentation, the only claim at issue in this appeal. SCC also appeals the post-judgment award of attorney’s fees in the amount of $36,275, which the tenants cross-appeal. We reverse both awards.

This lease dispute case proceeded to trial on the tenants’ five count complaint which alleged causes of action for, among others, fraud in the inducement and negligent misrepresentation. The tenants included L. Frank Chopin, P.A., Jacqueline S. Miller, P.A., and Joel H. Yudenfreund, P.A., all former attorneys with Cadwalader, Wickers-ham, & Taft who left that firm around the time it closed its Palm Beach office and joined together in a new professional association: Chopin, Miller & Yudenfreund. Wishing to remain in the building previously housing Cadwalader, the new firm executed a nearly fifty page lease with SCC in November of 1994.

The circumstances leading up to this dispute involved several tenants in SCO’s building (Palm Beach Park Centre) who were scheduled to either vacate or exchange certain offices in the building at 1994’s year end. Cadwalader would be vacating its space on the third floor, PaineWebber would be moving from its space on the second floor up to the Cadwalader space on the third floor, and Chopin, Miller, and Yudenfreund would be moving into PaineWebber’s previous space on the second floor. As the circumstances evolved, PaineWebber’s space was not available for Chopin, Miller, and Yudenfreund until sometime at the end of January or beginning of February of 1995. Renovations to the new Chopin, Miller, and Yudenfreund office continued in “phases” until April of 1995. Shortly after the firm moved into its space in February, these tenants filed their complaint against the landlord.

Chopin testified the parties negotiated their lease “word by word, line by line the entire lease.” He testified under no circumstances would he have entered into the lease agreement without the promise by George Straub on the part of SCC that the tenants’ office would be ready by January of 1995. The lease itself, however, contains a miscellaneous provision that all negotiations were incorporated into the agreement and there were no covenants or representations other than those specifically contained in the lease. The lease does not contain an express occupancy date, however it does contain an express provision that “time is of the essence of this agreement-”

The trial court found SCC liable for negligent misrepresentation based on SCO’s assurance the leased premises would be available as a finished project by January 1,1995. It rejected as incredible the landlord’s contention that all parties were aware the pro ject would be completed in “phases.” It found the landlord negligently promised more than it could perform to the detriment of the tenants, further finding that due to the business interruption from January to April of 1995, the tenants sustained a loss of profits in the amount of $158,619.00. The trial court denied the tenants’ claim for fraud in the inducement, finding the landlord did not intend at the outset to fail to complete the leased premises by January 1, 1995. The court later awarded attorney’s fees based on a prevailing party clause in the parties’ lease.

We hold the economic loss rule bars the tenants’ claim for negligent misrepresentation because, absent a tort independent of breach of contract, the remedy for economic loss lies in contract law. HTP, Ltd. v. Lineas Aereas Costarricenses, S.A., 685 So. 2d 1238, 1239 (Fla.1996) (noting AFM Corp. v. Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., 515 So. 2d 180 (Fla.1987), where the court held absent some conduct resulting in personal injury or property damage, there can be no independent tort flowing from a contractual breach which would justify a tort claim solely for economic losses). HTP recognized the economic loss rule has not eliminated causes of action based on torts independent of a contractual breach even though there exists a breach of contract action. Id. at 1239. The court in HTP recognized that “[wjhere a contract exists, a tort action will lie for either intentional or negligent acts considered to be independent from acts that breached the contract.” Id. It stated fraudulent inducement is such an independent tort because it requires proof of facts separate and distinct from the breach of the contract. Id. A cause of action on a contract, and for fraud in inducing the plaintiff to enter into the contract, may exist at the same time, and recovery on one cause will not bar a subsequent action on the other. Id.

However, a party may not avoid the economic loss rule by entitling a claim a “fraudulent inducement” claim. Hotels of Key Largo, Inc. v. RHI Hotels, Inc., 694 So. 2d 74, 78 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 700 So. 2d 685 (Fla.1997). In Hotels of Key Largo, the Third District concluded:

Misrepresentations relating to the breaching party’s performance of a contract do not give rise to an independent cause of action in tort, because such misrepresentations are interwoven and indistinct from the heart of the contractual agreement. Therefore, we clarify that where the alleged fraudulent misrepresentation is inseparable from the essence of the parties’ agreement, the economic loss rule applies and the parties are limited to pursuing their rights in contract.

Id. at 78.

We cited Hotels with approval recently in Greenfield v. Manor Care, Inc., 705 So. 2d 926 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) where we stated: “When the misrepresentations are related to the breaching party’s performance of the contract, they do not give rise to an independent cause of action in tort.” Id. at 932. In Greenfield we concluded a breach of fiduciary duty claim was not barred by the economic loss rule because the plaintiff alleged a fiduciary duty between the nursing home and its residents, which arose out of a special relationship independent of the parties’ contract. Id.

Based on our review of this case law we conclude the tenants’ action for negligent misrepresentation in the instant case was barred by the economic loss rule because the subject misrepresentations were directly related to the breaching party’s performance under the subject lease agreement. This is not a case where fraudulent inducement was established by the evidence. To the contrary, the trial court expressly denied the tenants’ fraudulent inducement claim on the basis no evidence supported a finding the landlord intended at the outset to fail to complete the leased premises by January 1, 1995.

Our reversal of that portion of the final judgment awarding damages for negligent misrepresentation requires that we reverse the award of attorney’s fees and remand that award for reconsideration in light of the tenants’ success solely on their breach of contract claim.

TAYLOR, J., and FRUSCIANTE, JOHN A., Associate Judge, concur.

Other
PER CURIAM.

[*580] ON REHEARING

PER CURIAM.

We grant appellants’ motion for rehearing, strike the final paragraph of our previous opinion, and substitute the following:

Our reversal of that portion of the final judgment awarding damages for negligent misrepresentation requires that we reverse the award of prevailing party attorney’s fees for reconsideration in light of our opinion.

POLEN, TAYLOR, JJ., and FRUSCIANTE, JOHN A., Associate Judge, concur.


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Citator

Cited By (14 total)

  • …r repairs to aircraft); Taylor v. Maness, 941 So. 2d 559, 564 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (barring cause of action alleging fraudulent failure to perform under the contract and sell real property to plaintiffs); Straub Capital Corp. v. L. Frank Chopin, P.A., 724 So. 2d 577, 579 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998) (barring action alleging negligent misrepresentation by a landlord after he failed to timely build and provide space to tenants under the terms of their contract); Smith v. Bd. of Regents ex rel. Florida A & M Univ., 701 So.…
  • D & M Jupiter, Inc. v. Friedopfer, 853 So. 2d 485 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …of the bargain and not in an act of performance. Id. By contrast, the economic loss rule was held to bar recovery in Hotels of Key Largo, Inc. v. RHI Hotels, Inc., 694 So. 2d 74 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) and Straub Capital Corp. v. L. Frank Chopin, P.A., 724 So. 2d 577 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998). In Hotels of Key Largo, the parties negotiated for continuing action on the part of the seller to provide increased reservation systems and better hotel management services. When the seller failed to deliver the benefits negotia…
  • Un2jc AIR 1, LLC v. Whittington, 324 So. 3d 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 2021)
    …law, rather than by tort law.” 223 So. 3d at 1068. This principle only applies, however, to the parties to the contract. Indem. Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Am. Aviation, Inc., 891 So. 2d 532 (Fla. 2004); Straub Cap. Corp. v. L. Frank Chopin, P.A., 724 So. 2d 577 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998). In this case, the court had previously determined in granting partial summary judgment that appellee was not a party to the LPA. Therefore, not being a party to the contract, the independent tort doctrine does not apply…

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