STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
RHONNIE CLARK, APPELLEE
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Florida appealed a downward departure sentence granted to Rhonnie Clark for driving with a suspended license. The court reversed, finding insufficient evidence that Clark's alcohol addiction was related to the offense or that he was amenable to treatment, and rejected the trial court's use of addiction and treatment amenability as mitigating factors to justify departure from guideline sentencing.
The court reversed and remanded for re-sentencing within the guideline range. The court held that there was no credible evidence the driving-while-suspended offense was related to Clark's alcohol addiction and no credible evidence he would be amenable to treatment, and therefore the trial court lacked a sufficient factual basis for the downward departure.
[1] A downward departure sentence based on alcohol addiction requires competent substantial evidence that the offense is related to the addiction.
[2] A downward departure sentence based on alcohol addiction requires a finding, based on competent substantial evidence, that there is a reasonable possibility of successful…
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“there must be "a finding based upon competent substantial evidence that if the defendant's sentence is reduced in order to permit treatment for the dependency, there is a reasonable possibility that such treatment will be successful."”
Establishes the legal standard required when an offense is unrelated to addiction for granting a downward departure based on treatment amenability.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceClark was charged with driving while license suspended or revoked on February 4, 1997. He pled guilty and requested a downward departure from his guid…
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HARRIS, J.
On February 4, 1997, Clark was charged with driving while license suspended or revoked.1 Several months later, he pled to the offense and sought a downward departure from his guideline sentence because of alcohol addiction and his amenability to specialized treatment. Over the State’s objection, the trial court mitigated his sentence. This record simply does not justify the departure.
First, there is no credible evidence in the record that the offense for which he was charged was in any way related to his alcohol addiction. While we might assume that his driver’s license was previously revoked because of an earlier driving and drinking offense (his PSI reveals a previous DWI), the record does not show that he was under the influence on this occasion. There was some evidence (the police report) that he had been drinking, but this was never established and no such charge was filed. Because the offense is unrelated to his addiction, there must be “a finding based upon competent substantial evidence that if the defendant’s sentence is reduced in order to permit treatment for the dependency, there is a reasonable possibility that such treatment will be successful.” Herrin v. State, 568 So. 2d 920, 921 (Fla.1990).
Second, there is no credible evidence that he would 'be amenable to treatment. His past experience in this regard is strong evidence to the contrary. In 1982, he attended two programs, a 28-day program in a treatment center and a 90-day program at Crossroads. Neither was successful. In 1987, after three or four months, he was terminated from a program in Orlando because of noncompliance with regulations. In 1991, he completed a program while incarcerated at Lake Correctional Institution. Again, it was not successful. In 1997, he was thrown out of a program in Seminole County because he fought with another inmate.
At some point, Clark, even if he has a drinking problem, must assume responsibility for his actions and pay the price for noncompliance with the law. We have come to that point.
This" mitigating factor is not a “get out of jail free” card to be used by the judge to entice a plea. There must be convincing evidence that the defendant’s future conduct will change because of treatment for his addiction.
After five failures, what evidence was submitted below to show his present amenability to treatment? A TASC case manager, qualifications unknown, wrote a letter recommending that Clark be placed in a residential treatment program and that Clark “could” benefit from the program. This does not represent credible evidence that a “reasonable possibility” exists that the treatment will now be successful. We reverse for a sentence within the guideline range.2 REVERSED and REMANDED for re-sentencing.
W. SHARP, J., concurs.
GOSHORN, J., dissents with opinion.
. Prior to the effective date of the amendment to section 921.0016(4)(d), Florida Statutes (1997).
. There is some indication in this record that this is yet another case in which the defendant agreed to the plea in reliance on an agreement that he negotiated with the judge which was opposed by the State. If so, we agree that Clark should be permitted to withdraw his plea and go to trial. This should not indicate, however, approval of an independently negotiated plea by the court. We disagree with State v. Warner, 721 So. 2d 767, 23 Fla. L. Weekly D2540 (Nov. 18, 1998), that simply because the' court’s commitment is not binding, it is somehow appropriate. Why is the court’s commitment not enforceable? Is it because its commitment is conditioned or because public policy simply will not permit such a binding commitment? We believe the State, representing the victim(s), and the victim(s) if the victim(s) appears at sentencing, are entitled to present their argument as to an appropriate sentence to an uncommitted judge. They should not have the burden of having to convince a judge that he or she should renege on his or her previous commitment. It is unseemly for a judge, the personification of the lady with the blindfold and set of scales, to make an independent compact with an admitted felon to sentence him to less than the law prescribes.
GOSHORN, J.,
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. The majority’s finding that “there is no credible evidence” clearly demonstrates that it simply disagrees with the factual findings of the trial judge.
I would affirm on the authority of State v. Hill, 698 So. 2d 647 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997).
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State v. Gitto, 731 So. 2d 686 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)…his or her previous commitment. It is unseemly for a judge, the personification of the lady with the blindfold and set of scales, to make an independent compact with an admitted felon to sentence him to less than the law prescribes. State v. Clark, 724 So. 2d 653, 654, n. 2 (Fla. 5th DCA Jan.15,1999). [*693] In Davis v. State, cited by the Warner court, although there is reference to an agreement between the defense and the court, one cannot tell if it was a true negotiated plea agreement. Further, there is…
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State v. Cummings, 748 So. 2d 388 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000)…at this was the case. Both Her-rin and Krueger emphasized that there is no point in shortening a defendant’s sentence unless there is a reasonable prospect that the prescribed treatment will be successful. The state also relies upon State v. Clark, 724 So. 2d 653 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999) in which this court recently held that the trial court must make the Herrin finding where the offense is unrelated to the addiction.3 The state contends that there is no evidence in the present cases that the offenses committed w…
Authorities Cited
- Herrin v. State, 568 So. 2d 920 (Fla. 1990)
- State v. Warner, 721 So. 2d 767 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)
- State v. Hill, 698 So. 2d 647 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997)