NATHANIEL WOODEN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Nathaniel Wooden was arrested and found in possession of cannabis during a large law enforcement operation targeting armed robbery and shooting suspects. The court reversed his conviction, holding that Wooden was unlawfully detained when police ordered him to the ground based solely on his presence in the area, without any suspicion that he was involved in any crime.
The court held that Wooden was unlawfully detained. When officers ordered Wooden to the ground, they effected a stop that required a well-founded suspicion that he had committed, was committing, or was about to commit a crime. Because Wooden was ordered down solely because he was present in the area with no suspicion directed at him, the detention was unlawful and the contraband seized as a result must be suppressed.
[1] A law enforcement officer's order for an individual to lie on the ground constitutes a stop, requiring a well-founded suspicion that the individual has committed, is comm…
[2] A stop is unlawful when officers have no information or belief that the individual is involved in criminal activity or is armed.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“In order to justify a stop and temporary detention, the police must have 'a well-founded suspicion that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.'”
Establishes the legal standard required for a lawful stop and detention
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDEA undercover agents were robbed and shot at during a drug buy operation in the Beachfront area outside Avon Park approximately one month prior. When…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
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BLUE, Judge.
Nathaniel Wooden pleaded no contest to possession of cannabis with intent to sell, specifically reserving the right to appeal the denial of his dispositive motion to suppress. Because the contraband was seized during an unlawful detention, we reverse.
As part of a joint task force involving various local, state and federal law enforcement agencies, two agents from the Drug Enforcement Agency attempted to make an undercover drug buy in the Beachfront area outside of Avon Park. This one-block area contains four night clubs, including the Beachfront Bar and Motor Lodge. During the transaction, the undercover officers were robbed. As the officers drove away, shots were fired in the direction of their vehicle.
Approximately one month later, Wooden was present in a picnic area outside the Beachfront Bar when forty law enforcement officers arrived to execute arrest warrants for the three individuals involved in the earlier incident. Law enforcement officers immediately ordered everyone in the area, including Wooden, to lie on the ground. Several officers began to look for the individuals named in the warrants while other officers began to patdown the people on the ground in a check for weapons. The record does not reveal the number, or identity of the people who were ordered to the ground. During a patdown for weapons, one of the officers discovered cannabis on Wooden’s person.
Two officers testified at the suppression hearing. Both testified they had no information or belief that Wooden was one of the individuals named in the warrants, that he had been involved in shooting at the DEA officers, or that he was in any way involved in illegal activity. Although the Beachfront area has a history of violence, the officers had no information or belief that Wooden was armed.
We conclude that when the officers ordered Wooden to the ground, they effected a stop. See Smith v. State, 592 So. 2d 1239 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992) (holding that consensual encounter became a stop when subject was ordered to place his hands on the hood of the patrol car in the “frisk” position). See also Williams v. State, 694 So. 2d 878 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997) (inquiry focuses on whether officer’s actions have communicated to a reasonable person that he or she is not free to leave). In order to justify a stop and temporary detention, the police must have “a well-founded suspicion that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.” Williams, 694 So. 2d at 880 (quoting State v. Simons, 549 So. 2d 785, 787 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)). “[Sjpecific and articulable facts ... taken together with rational inferences from these facts” are required for a lawful stop. State v. Webb, 398 So. 2d 820, 822 (Fla.1981). It is clear from the record that Wooden was ordered down on the ground solely because he was present in the area. In the absence of any suspicion directed at Wooden, we hold that he was unlawfully detained. Because our decision turns on this point, we have not addressed the scope of the patdown. Based on the unlawful detention, we reverse the denial of Wooden’s motion to suppress the evidence that was subsequently seized.
Reversed and remanded with directions to grant Wooden’s motion to suppress.
CAMPBELL, A.C.J., and NORTHCUTT, J., Concur.
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Citator
Cited By
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Oliver v. State, 157 So. 3d 495 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015)…person was merely a submission to authority. Id. at 578; accord McNeil v. State, 746 So. 2d 547, 548 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999) (holding that McNeil was seized when an officer ordered him to place his hands on the back of the patrol car); Wooden v. State, 724 So. 2d 658, 659 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999) (finding that officers effected a stop when they ordered Wooden to the ground); Smith v. State, 592 So. 2d 1239, 1240 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992) (holding that consensual encounter became a stop when subject was ordered to place his h…
Authorities Cited
- State v. Webb, 398 So. 2d 820 (Fla. 1981)
- State v. Simons, 549 So. 2d 785 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)
- Williams v. State, 694 So. 2d 878 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997)
- Smith v. State, 592 So. 2d 1239 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992)