RICHARD E. EPPS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1999-02-10
No. 97-03173
PATTERSON, A.C.J., and STRINGER, THOMAS E., SR., ASSOCIATE JUDGE, Concur.
728 So. 2d 761 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1999) Positive Treatment
Cited by 11 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Richard Epps appealed his convictions for robbery and resisting arrest without violence. The court reversed his robbery conviction, holding that the trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of resisting a merchant, and affirmed his conviction for resisting arrest without violence.


Holding

The court held that the trial court erred in denying the jury instruction on resisting a merchant. Even though the charging document did not explicitly allege the victim's merchant status, such omission cannot preclude an instruction on a required permissive lesser included offense where the victim's status was proven at trial and was necessary to establish the charged offense itself.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant is entitled to a jury instruction on a permissive lesser included offense if all of its elements are alleged in the accusatory pleading and supported by the e…

[2] The State may not avoid a required permissive lesser included offense instruction by omitting the victim's status or generically describing stolen items in the charging d…

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Key Quotes

“The law requires that an instruction be given for any lesser offense all the elements of which are alleged in the accusatory pleadings and supported by the evidence adduced at trial.”

Establishes the governing legal standard for when lesser-included-offense jury instructions must be given.

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Facts & Procedural History

On January 15, 1997, security guard Randy Tomko observed Epps conceal an answering machine from Wal-Mart's electronics department. When Tomko confront…

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Opinion of the Court
DANAHY, Paul W., (Senior) Judge.

DANAHY, Paul W., (Senior) Judge.

Richard Epps raises three issues in this appeal from his convictions for robbery and resisting arrest without violence. We agree with Epps on only one issue — that the trial court erred in denying his request for a jury instruction on the crime of resisting a merchant, a permissive lesser included offense of the robbery charge. Accordingly, we reverse the robbery conviction and remand for a new trial on that count, but affirm the conviction for resisting arrest without violence.

The evidence at Epps’s jury trial indicated that on January 15, 1997, Randy Tomko, a security guard at Wal-Mart in Winter Haven, observed Epps take an answering machine from the electronics department and conceal it in the front of his pants. Tomko confronted Epps outside the store. Epps got into his car and Tomko held the door to prevent Epps from closing it. Tomko testified Epps started kicking and punching. Tomko further testified that, after a struggle, Epps agreed to go back into the store. The police were called, and Epps gave the investigating officer a false name.

The information alleged that Epps did “unlawfully take from the person or custody of Randy Tomko ... merchandise, with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive Randy Tomko of a right to the property ... by force, violence, assault or putting the said Randy Tomko in fear.” At trial, Epps requested that the jury be instructed on resisting a merchant as a permissive lesser included offense of robbery. The State argued below, as it does on appeal, that the information did not allege that the property was taken from a merchant, but rather from a “person.” The trial court agreed and refused to give the instruction.

“The law requires that an instruction be given for any lesser offense all the elements of which are alleged in the accusatory pleadings and supported by the evidence adduced at trial.” State v. Weller, 590 So. 2d 923, 926 (Fla.1991) (citing Wilcott v. State, 509 So. 2d 261 (Fla.1987)). The charge of resisting a merchant is a permissive lesser included offense of robbery. See Duval v. State, 688 So. 2d 1002 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997). The State does not dispute that the evidence supported the requested jury instruction. However, as noted, it argues that the elements of the offense of resisting a merchant were not contained in the information because the information did not allege that Tomko was, in fact, a merchant.

We disagree with the State’s argument. The definition of “merchant” includes an agent or employee “of any premises or apparatus used for retail purchase or sale of any merchandise.” § 812.015(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (1995). The evidence clearly showed that Tomko was an employee of Wal-Mart. In fact, the trial court relied on Tomko’s status as a store security guard in denying Epps’s motion for judgment of acquittal in which he argued that there was no evidence that Tom-ko had a right to the property in question. Under these circumstances, we conclude that the State may not avoid an instruction on a required permissive lesser included offense by omitting the victim’s status from the charging document especially where, as here, proof of the victim’s status was necessary to prove the charged offense.

We affirm the judgment and sentence in count II, resisting arrest without violence. We reverse Epps’s conviction for robbery and remand for a new trial on that charge.

PATTERSON, A.C.J., and STRINGER, THOMAS E., SR., ASSOCIATE JUDGE, Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • McCLENDON v. State, 765 So. 2d 247 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)
    …was ineffective for failing to request a jury instruction on resisting a merchant. McClendon was charged with armed robbery and, as he asserts, “[t]he charge of resisting a merchant is a permissive lesser included offense of robbery.” Epps v. State, 728 So. 2d 761, 762 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); accord Maldanado v. State, 691 So. 2d 61 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997); Duval v. State, 688 So. 2d 1002 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997). “[A] lesser offense may be a category-two permissive lesser included offense if its elements are alleged in the…
  • Jefferies v. State, 849 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003)
    …“The law requires that an instruction be given for any lesser offense all the elements of which are alleged in the accusatory pleadings and supported by the evidence adduced at trial.” State v. Weller, 590 So. 2d 923, 926 (Fla.1991); Epps v. State, 728 So. 2d 761, 762 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). Thus, the information must allege the essential elements of the crime of felony battery. Farley v. State, 740 So. 2d 5, 6 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). We reverse because we find that the charging document did not include an essentia…
  • Stuckey v. State, 907 So. 2d 1208 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005)
    …rial court is obligated to instruct on any lesser offense if all the elements of the lesser offense are alleged in the accusatory pleading and supported by the evidence adduced at trial. See State v. Weller, 590 So. 2d 923 (Fla.1992); Epps v. State, 728 So. 2d 761, 762 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). Even a permissive instruction must be given if requested when the information alleges all the elements of the included offense and the evidence at trial supports the instruction. See Burton v. State, 844 So. 2d 721, 722 (Fla…

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