BESSIE MAE GLASS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Bessie Mae Glass was charged with marijuana manufacture after officers entered her back yard without a warrant based on an anonymous tip and found marijuana plants in plain view. The appellate court reversed the trial court's denial of her suppression motion, holding that residents have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their back yards and officers lacked legal authority to enter without a warrant or consent.
The court held that the marijuana plants should have been suppressed because Glass had a reasonable expectation of privacy in her back yard, the officers had no legal justification to enter the yard, and therefore the seizure of the plants in plain view was illegal.
[1] A resident has a reasonable expectation of privacy in their back yard, which is generally not visible to the public.
[2] Police officers may not enter a private back yard uninvited to investigate an anonymous tip without a warrant or exigent circumstances.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a resident does have a reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her back yard because it is more private, and passers-by generally cannot see into the back yard”
Establishes the legal standard that back yards are protected areas where residents have reasonable privacy expectations.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDeputy Kirkland received an anonymous tip about a marijuana plant growing in Glass's back yard. Upon arriving at the residence, the officers entered t…
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CAMPBELL, Acting Chief Judge.
Appellant challenges the trial court’s denial of her motion to suppress the marijuana plants found growing in her back yard. After officers discovered the plants, Appellant was charged with manufacture of can nabis, which was later reduced to possession of drug paraphernalia. We conclude that the marijuana plants should have been suppressed because Appellant had a reasonable expectation of privacy in her back yard, which was not visible to the public, and the officers had no legal reason to enter her back yard and thereby seize contraband in plain view. Accordingly, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
At the suppression hearing, Deputy Kirkland testified that he received an anonymous tip that there was a marijuana plant growing in the back yard of a certain address. He and Detective Fluman proceeded to that location, driving separate vehicles. Kirkland testified that when they arrived and parked their vehicles in front of the residence, he believed that Detective Fluman first knocked on the front door, but he was not sure. Seeing three people in the back yard, the officers walked to the side yard and then into the back yard to make contact. The three people, Godfried, Burteel and Appellant, were seated in lawn chairs beneath a mulberry tree that was twenty yards directly behind and slightly to the side of the house.
As the officers approached the group and began to announce that they were from the tactical drug unit, Godfried, who had walked a little way from, the group to meet the officers said, 'Tall are here for the pot plants.” Godfried then pointed to the marijuana plants, which were in pots in plain view beneath the same mulberry tree where the people were sitting. As the officers were seizing the two plants, the three individuals began arguing about whose plants they were and who put them there, and Appellant blurted out, “I planted those pot plants.” The officers then arrested Appellant.
At the hearing on Appellant’s motion to suppress, Appellant’s counsel argued that she had a reasonable expectation of privacy in her back yard and that the officers had no legal right to be there. We agree that the officers had no right to enter Appellant’s back yard uninvited for the purpose of investigating the anonymous tip of a crime. While a resident does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the front door or front porch area of his or her residence because salesmen or visitors frequently appear there, a resident does have a reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her back yard because it is more private, and passers-by generally cannot see into the back yard. See State v. Morsman, 394 So. 2d 408 (Fla.1981). In this case, the officers stated that they could not see the pot plants from the street. They did not see the plants until they were in the back yard and Godfried pointed them out.
Moreover, the officers did not have a sufficient legal reason to enter the back yard uninvited. They only entered the back yard because they saw people back there. Yet, there was no exigent circumstance that would warrant the entry without either consent or a warrant. Since the back yard of a residence has been determined to be within that zone of privacy as to which a citizen may reasonably expect privacy, just as with a residence, officers may not enter without a warrant or a reason that the warrant requirement does not apply. See Morsman. There being no warrant or exigent circumstance here, we must conclude that the officers’ entry into the back yard and seizure of the marijuana plants in plain view was illegal.
The court’s order denying Appellant’s motion to suppress is, therefore, reversed, with instructions for further proceedings.
GREEN and SALCINES, JJ., Concur.
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Awilda Rodriguez v. State, 964 So. 2d 833 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007)…is justified by exigent circumstances. Tillman, 934 So. 2d at 1272; see also State v. Rickard, 420 So. 2d 303, 306 (Fla.1982) (stating that a warrantless search or seizure may not be conducted in a protected area such as a backyard); Glass v. State, 736 So. 2d 788, 789 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). The exigent circumstances exceptions are “few in number and carefully delineated,” and they include pursuing a fleeing felon, preventing the destruction of evidence, searching incident to a lawful arrest, and fighting fires.…
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P.B.P. v. State, 955 So. 2d 618 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007)…to the curtilage of a home, including the backyard. See State v. Rickard, 420 So. 2d 303, 306 (Fla.1982) (noting that courts will not allow a warrantless search or seizure in a constitutionally protected area such as one's backyard); Glass v. State, 736 So. 2d 788 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999) (stating that officers were not justified in entering a backyard of a residence without consent, a warrant, or exigent circumstances). . In fairness to the trial court, the State offered no justification for the officers’ entry w…
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Lollie v. State, 14 So. 3d 1078 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009)…ich accords with that ruling, clearly establishes that residents have a constitutionally-protected privacy interest in the side and backyard area of their [*1080] home. See also, e.g., State v. Roy, 944 So. 2d 403 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006); Glass v. State, 736 So. 2d 788 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); Potts v. Johnson, 654 So. 2d 596 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995). In addition, the state refers to federal cases such as United States v. Anderson, 552 F. 2d 1296 (8th Cir.1977), United States v. Daoust, 916 F. 2d 757 (1st Cir.1990), and Alv…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Morsman, 394 So. 2d 408 (Fla. 1981)