LARRY PROSSER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Larry Prosser appeals his conviction for armed robbery with a concealed identity, challenging both the constitutionality of the Prison Releasee Reoffender Act and the sufficiency of evidence regarding the firearm element. The court affirms the constitutional challenge but reverses the armed robbery conviction due to insufficient evidence that a weapon was actually possessed during the robbery.
The court affirmed that the Prison Releasee Reoffender Act does not violate the separation of powers clause. However, the court reversed the armed robbery conviction because the prosecution failed to present evidence that Prosser actually possessed a firearm or deadly weapon; mere victim belief is insufficient.
[1] A conviction for armed robbery requires evidence that the defendant actually possessed a firearm or other deadly weapon, not merely the victim's subjective belief.
[2] Circumstantial evidence may be used to prove possession of a weapon in an armed robbery case, but it cannot rely solely on the victim's assumption.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the state must present evidence which would be legally sufficient to permit a jury to conclude that the defendant actually carried a "firearm," "other deadly weapon" or a "weapon." While the state may meet this burden by the presentation of circumstantial evidence, it may not do so by presenting evidence of nothing more than the victim's subjective belief that the defendant possessed a "firearm," "other deadly weapon" or "weapon."”
The court's standard for what evidence is required to convict for armed robbery, holding that subjective victim belief alone is insufficient.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceProsser and an accomplice entered a convenience store wearing face-covering turbans. The accomplice held a shrouded object that the store clerks could…
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PER CURIAM.
Larry L. Prosser challenges his conviction and sentence for armed robbery with a weapon while his identity was concealed. His argument that the Prison Re-leasee Reoffender Act, under which appellant was sentenced, violates the separation of powers clause of the Florida Constitution is without merit, and we affirm as to that issue. See Woods v. State, 740 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). We do agree, however, that the lower court erred in denying appellant’s motion for a judgment of acquittal on the charge that he carried a firearm during the robbery. Thus, we reverse in part.
As shown by the evidence produced at trial, appellant and another man entered a convenience store wearing “turbans” of some sort covering most of their faces. Appellant’s accomplice held something in his hand which was shrouded such that neither of the clerks on duty were able to see any part of the shrouded object. Both clerks, however, assumed from the way the accomplice pointed his shrouded hand that a gun was under the cloth. The record does not reflect any evidence as to the nature of this shrouded object. Further, there was no testimony that appellant or his accomplice verbally threatened to shoot or otherwise harm either of the clerks, or that the shrouded object was used in such a manner as to suggest that harm would be inflicted by using the object as a bludgeon or other type of deadly weapon.
In Butler v. State, 602 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992), this court reversed a conviction for armed robbery with a deadly weapon because the evidence was legally insufficient to establish that the defendant possessed a weapon, deadly or otherwise, during the course of a robbery. This court held:
We believe that, to secure a conviction pursuant to section 812.13(2)(a) or (b), Florida Statutes (1989), for armed robbery while carrying a “firearm or other deadly weapon” or for armed robbery while carrying a “weapon,” respectively, the state must present evidence which would be legally sufficient to permit a jury to conclude that the defendant actually carried a “firearm,” “other deadly weapon” or a “weapon.” While the state may meet this burden by the presentation of circumstantial evidence, it may not do so by presenting evidence of nothing more than the victim’s subjective belief that the defendant possessed a “firearm,” “other deadly weapon” or “weapon.”
602 So. 2d at 1305.
As was the case in Butler, the prosecution below presented no evidence that appellant or his accomplice actually possessed a firearm or other deadly weapon during the robbery. See also McCray v. State, 358 So. 2d 615 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978). Neither store clerk saw a firearm, although both testified that they believed a firearm was being used, and neither testified that appellant threatened to shoot or harm either clerk with the shrouded object in a way that would suggest that the object was a weapon. See Bates v. State, 561 So. 2d 1341 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)(conviction for robbery while carrying a firearm or other deadly weapon could not stand where it was undisputed that defendant carried a nutdriver, and not a gun, under a rag and never threatened to use the object as a bludgeon).
Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of conviction for robbery while armed with a weapon and while his identity was concealed, and remand for entry of a judgment of conviction for unarmed robbery with a concealed identity and for resentencing of appellant in accordance with the corrected judgment.
As in Woods, we certify the following question of great public importance:
DOES THE PRISON RELEASEE REOFFENDER PUNISHMENT ACT, CODIFIED AS SECTION 775.082(8), FLORIDA STATUTES (1997), VIOLATE THE SEPARATION OF POWERS CLAUSE OF THE FLORIDA CONSTITUTION?
AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED.
ALLEN, WEBSTER AND VAN NORTWICK, JJ„ CONCUR.
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Thompson v. State, 748 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)…portion of one. While both believed that appellant had a gun, both conceded that he could have had any object having a shape similar to a gun barrel under the pants, such as a length of pipe, for instance. Id. (emphasis added). In Prosser v. State, 742 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999), this court also held that where an object had been completely covered by a shroud, and the robber had made no threats on how he would use the object, the evidence had been insufficient to sustain a conviction for robbery with a…
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Authorities Cited
- Woods v. State, 740 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999)
- Eldridge A. McCRAY v. State, 358 So. 2d 615 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978)
- Butler v. State, 602 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992)
- Bates v. State, 561 So. 2d 1341 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)