NATIONAL SECURITY FIRE & CASUALTY COMPANY, ETC., PETITIONERS,
v.
JEFFREY DUNN, RESPONDENT

Fla. 5th DCA | 2000-03-10
No. 5D99-754
ANTOON, C.J., and HARRIS, J., concur.
751 So. 2d 777 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2000) Caution
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida District Court of Appeal reviewed discovery orders in a bad faith insurance claim case. The court granted certiorari to quash an order compelling the production of insurance claims files, finding they were protected by the work product privilege and the plaintiff had not shown sufficient need or hardship. The court denied certiorari for other discovery issues, finding the trial court did not abuse its discretion.


Holding

1. The trial court departed from the essential requirements of law by ordering the production of claims files, as the plaintiff failed to demonstrate the required need and undue hardship to overcome the work product privilege. 2. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing depositions before an amended complaint was filed, as such decisions are within the trial judge's discretion. 3. The trial court did not depart from the essential requirements of law in denying the motion for a discovery bond, as financial harm alone is generally insufficient for certiorari review.


Headnotes

[1] Certiorari is an appropriate remedy for a discovery order that departs from the essential requirements of law and causes material injury throughout the proceedings, leavi…

[2] The work product privilege protects the contents of claims files unless the party seeking discovery demonstrates a substantial need for the information and an inability t…

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Key Quotes

“This court held that the contents of the files were protected by the work product privilege, and that Dunn had failed to show either his need for the files or his inability to obtain equivalent information without undue hardship.”

Establishes the prior ruling and the standard for overcoming work product privilege.

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Facts & Procedural History

The plaintiff, Dunn, sought to inspect insurance claims files related to 38 bad faith claims against National Security Fire & Casualty Company. This c…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

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Opinion of the Court
THOMPSON, Judge.

THOMPSON, Judge.

In National Security Fire & Casualty Co. v. Dunn, 705 So. 2d 605, 606-607 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997) (“Dunn V”), this court quashed the circuit court’s order allowing Dunn to inspect National’s files regarding 38 bad faith claims filed against National which were previously identified in interrogatories. This court held that the contents of the files were protected by the work product privilege, and that Dunn had failed to show either his need for the files or his inability to obtain equivalent information without undue hardship.

We are now faced with Dunn VI. National again seeks certiorari, this time to review three discovery orders, all of which National claims constitute departures from the essential requirements of law causing irreparable harm.

Certiorari is the appropriate remedy when a discovery order departs from the essential requirements of law, causing material injury throughout the remainder of the proceedings and effectively leaving no adequate remedy on appeal. See Allstate Insurance Co. v. Langston, 655 So. 2d 91 (Fla.1995). See also Compton v. West Volusia Hosp. Authority, 727 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999). However, as the supreme court in Langston noted, not every erroneous discovery order creates certiorari jurisdiction. 655 So. 2d at 94. Trial courts have broad discretion in discovery matters, and discovery orders will only be overturned where the court has abused that discretion. See Church of Scientology Flag Service v. Williams, 671 So. 2d 840 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996); Humana of Florida, Inc. v. Evans, 519 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987).

As in Dunn V, whether Dunn should be allowed to examine National’s claims files is at issue. The trial court, after receipt of an affidavit in which counsel for Dunn asserted that the claims files were of significant relevance to prove a general business practice of bad faith claims, agreed with Dunn and found that Dunn had shown his inability to obtain the substantial equivalent to the claims files elsewhere without undue hardship.

In his attorney’s affidavit, Dunn made no allegations that he had taken any steps subsequent to Dunn V to find evidence to support a claim of bad faith based on business custom. Rather, the affidavit focuses on Dunn’s need for the information and ignores the requirement that a showing be made that the substantial equivalent information cannot be obtained without undue hardship. The importance of the work product privilege must not be lightly invaded. See Intercontinental Properties, Inc. v. Samy, 685 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997). This court’s opinion in Dunn V clearly held that no showing of need or inability to obtain the substantial equivalent without undue hardship had been made, although Dunn earlier made the same arguments, albeit not in affidavit form. Although Dunn has since filed an affidavit asserting need, he has taken none of the actions suggested by this court in Dunn V.

Therefore, there has been no change in the status of the case which would require a different conclusion from that reached in Dunn V. Accordingly, the petition for writ of certiorari is granted and the lower court’s order compelling discovery of the claims file quashed.2

The next issue in the petition relates to whether Dunn should be allowed to take the depositions of two of National’s employees. National argues that the depositions should be stayed until there is an operative complaint pending, and cites Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.050 and 1.290(a)(1). This is an example of the problems which arise when the cart is put before the horse; in order to state a cause of action for bad faith based on business practices, Dunn wants to take discovery, but because there is no pending complaint, there is no way to establish the scope of the discovery to be allowed. Nonetheless, where a complaint has been dismissed with leave to amend, we think that the decision of whether to allow depositions prior to the filing of the amended complaint should be left to the sound discretion of the trial judge.3

Finally, we address the question of whether the trial court departed from the essential requirements of law in denying National’s motion to compel Dunn to post a discovery bond. Section 624.155(4)(c), Florida Statutes, provides that any person who pursues a claim for punitive damages against an insurance company “shall post in advance the costs of discovery” and “such costs shall be awarded to the insurer if no punitive damages are awarded to the plaintiff.”

National acknowledges that Dunn filed a cost bond of $1,500, but alleges that the bond was directed specifically to the discovery costs involved in answering the fifth set of interrogatories. Regardless, even if there was harm as a result of the trial court’s order denying a further cost bond, thht harm is financial only; financial harm is generally not sufficient harm to justify certiorari review. See generally Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. Carter, 680 So. 2d 546 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996) (expense of unnecessary trial is not irreparable harm justifying certiorari relief); Hawaiian Inn of Daytona Beach, Inc. v. Snead Construction Corp., 393 So. 2d 1201 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981) (possibility court committed reversible error which might require new trial, wasting time and money, is insufficient harm to justify certiorari relief).

The petition for writ of certiorari is GRANTED as to the production of claims files and DENIED in all other respects. In addition, the trial court is directed to set a time limit for the filing of an amend ed complaint, beyond which the case should be dismissed with prejudice.

ANTOON, C.J., and HARRIS, J., concur. . Had Dunn filed an affidavit stating that he had made diligent attempts to locate the claimants listed on National’s interrogatories, or had reviewed the files of the two-bad faith lawsuits, or had reviewed the bad faith claims notices filed with the Department of Insurance, see § 624.155(2)(a), Fla. Stat., or if he had even alleged that he had expended a certain number of hours or dollars, all to no avail, then he would have established undue hardship. He makes no such allegations. Instead, he alleges only that the claimants identified live in 38 cities in 8 states and that the addresses provided for the claimants are 8 to 11 years old.

. Dunn has not shown that the claims files are necessary in order to file an amended complaint alleging a cause of action for punitive damages. Once that complaint is filed, some or all of the listed claims files would likely be discoverable, but first Dunn must state a cause of action, or make a showing that he cannot do so without the claims files.

. National is not without guidelines as to the scope of discovery. The issue of any complaint which may be filed will relate only to whether acts giving rise to a violation such as in Dunn's case occurred with such frequency as to establish a general business practice and whether the acts are willful, wanton and malicious or in reckless disregard for the rights of any insured.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Nancy A. Tanchel, M.D. v. Shoemaker, 928 So. 2d 440 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
    …Allstate Ins. Co. v. Langston, 655 So. 2d 91, 94 (Fla.1995). Trial courts have broad discretion in discovery matters and discovery orders will only be overturned where [*442] the court has abused that discretion. Nat'l Sec. Fire & Cas. Co. v. Dunn, 751 So. 2d 777 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000). This Court has, however, “embrace[d] the Supreme Court’s conclusion that litigants are not entitled to carte blanche discovery of irrelevant material.” Residence Inn by Marriott v. Cecile Resort, Ltd., 822 So. 2d 548, 550 (Fla.…
  • Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. v. COX, 974 So. 2d 462 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008)
    …eo v. Conseco Servs., LLC, 899 So. 2d 1139 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005)(mere expense and inconvenience does not constitute harm to permit certiorari review, even if the order departs from the essential requirements of law); Nat’l Sec. Fire & Cas. Co. v. Dunn, 751 So. 2d 777 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000)(financial harm is generally insufficient harm to justify certiorari review). See also Bay N Gulf, Inc. v. Anchor Seafood, Inc., 971 So. 2d 842 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007) (party does not suffer irreparable harm where it can be adequately…
  • Vesta Fire Ins. v. Figueroa, 821 So. 2d 1233 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
    …f this material cannot be obtained through other means of discovery. 670 P. 2d at 734 (citations omitted). Counsel for petitioner responded that, Brown notwithstanding, under this court’s opinion in National Security Fire and Casualty Co. v. Dunn, 751 So. 2d 777 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000), Figueroa should be required not only to show “need” but also to demonstrate an effort to obtain the substantial equivalent by means other than obtaining the work product of the carrier. Counsel for Figueroa replied: Your honor,…

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