ZELLE TAYLOR, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2000-02-28
No. 1D99-2392
MINER, BENTON, and BROWNING, JJ., concur.
752 So. 2d 85 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2000) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

Zelle Taylor appeals the revocation of her community control and subsequent sentence to five years in state prison. The court affirms the revocation but reverses the sentence, finding that the trial court improperly departed from sentencing guidelines based on Taylor's failure to appear for sentencing, which is not a legitimate basis for departure, and that the original offense occurred before the Criminal Punishment Code's effective date.


Holding

The order revoking community control is affirmed because the evidence was sufficient to prove grounds for revocation. However, the sentence is reversed and remanded because failure to appear is not a legitimate basis for departure from sentencing guidelines, the trial court's stated reason for departure was insufficient, and the sentencing guidelines in effect at the time of the original 1995 offense apply, not the Criminal Punishment Code.


Headnotes

[1] Evidence of a new law violation is sufficient to prove grounds for revocation of community control.

[2] A trial court may not depart from sentencing guidelines based solely on a defendant's failure to appear for sentencing.

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Key Quotes

“Mere failure to appear is not a legitimate basis for departure.”

Establishes the core legal principle that the trial court's stated reason for imposing the five-year sentence was improper.

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Facts & Procedural History

Taylor was on community control for a third-degree felony committed on May 26, 1995. On April 27, 1999, the trial court found she had violated communi…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Zelle Taylor appeals an order revoking her community control and the sentence imposed thereafter. We conclude that the evidence was sufficient to prove grounds for revocation and therefore affirm the order revoking her community control. We conclude, however, that the reasons given for departure were inadequate and remand for sentencing under the guidelines.

At the time of revocation, Ms. Taylor was on community control for a third-degree felony that she committed on May 26, 1995. (Before community control, she had been on probation.) On April 27, 1999, the trial court found that she had violated a community control condition by committing a new law violation, and sentenced her initially to one year in the county jail. When Ms. Taylor requested time to make custody arrangements for her seven-year-old child, however, the trial court vacated the sentence and agreed to delay sentencing until the next day, telling her that, if she did not show up then for sentencing, the court would sentence her to the statutory maximum of five years in state prison.

Ms. Taylor failed to return the next day for sentencing and was soon arrested. Under the sentencing guidelines in effect at the time she committed her original offense, she was subject to non-state prison sanctions only, the revocation notwithstanding. See § 921.0014(2), Fla. Stat. (1995). Nevertheless, on May 14, 1999, the trial court sentenced her to live years in state prison. The trial court simply told her that it had informed her what would happen if she did not return for sentencing as required. The trial court gave no additional reason for the departure sentence, and did not reduce any reason to writing.

Mere failure to appear is not a legitimate basis for departure. See Rahmings v. State, 660 So. 2d 1390, 1392 (Fla.1995); Bolden v. State, 691 So. 2d 23, 24 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997). Failure to appear may constitute a crime in and of itself. See § 843.15(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (1997). The state had the option to charge Ms. Taylor with failure to appear and seek an appropriate punishment for that offense. See Williams v. State, 500 So. 2d 501, 502-03 (Fla.1986). As far as the record reveals, however, the state has not done so. A trial court may not depart on the basis of an uncharged crime. See Rahmings, 660 So. 2d at 1392. See also, Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.701(d)(11). The state does not dispute Ms. Taylor’s contention that the trial court’s reason for departure was insufficient.

Instead, the state argues that, because Ms. Taylor violated community control after October 1, 1998, the trial court had authority to sentence her up to the five-year statutory maximum without giving reasons for departure at all. The new Criminal Punishment Code allows the trial judge to “impose a sentence up to and including the statutory maximum for any offense, including an offense that is before the court due to a violation of probation or community control.” § 921.002(1)(g), Fla. Stat. (1999). But the state’s argument ignores controlling language with which the statute begins: “The Criminal Punishment Code shall apply to all felony offenses, except capital felonies, committed on or after October 1, 1998.” § 921.002, Fla. Stat. (1999).

The felony for which Ms. Taylor was being sentenced occurred in 1995, long before enactment of the Criminal Punishment Code. See Ch. 97-194, § 1, at 3674, Laws of Fla. (repealing the sections of Chapter 921, Florida Statutes, constituting the sentencing guidelines “except that those sections shall remain in effect with respect to any crime committed before October 1, 1998”). See generally Miller v. Florida, 482 U.S. 423, 107 S.Ct. 2446, 96 L.Ed.2d 351 (1987).

The order of revocation is affirmed. The sentence is reversed and the case is remanded for re-sentencing in accordance with the guidelines in effect at the time of the offense.

MINER, BENTON, and BROWNING, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Nettles v. State, 819 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002)
    …d that a defendant who committed a substantive crime before the October 1, 1998, effective date of the CPC, but violated community control after that date, must be sentenced in accordance with the guidelines rather than the CPC. See Taylor v. State, 752 So. 2d 85, 87 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000) (“The felony for which Ms. Taylor was being sentenced occurred in 1995, long before enactment of the Criminal Punishment Code. See Ch. 97-194, § 1, at 3674, Laws of Fla. (repealing the sections of Chapter 921, Florida Statute…
  • Stephens v. State, 823 So. 2d 180 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002)
    …e Criminal Punishment Code, therefore, the sentence that was imposed upon revocation of probation should have comported with the sentencing guidelines, and any variation therefrom should have been justified with written reasons. See Taylor v. State, 752 So. 2d 85, 87 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000). See also McCloud v. State, 803 So. 2d 821, 831 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001). However, the appellant did not file a direct appeal of the sentence imposed upon violation of probation. Because this claim could have been raised on direc…
  • Elvis Espinal v. State, 816 So. 2d 723 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
    …ration of Rule 3.800(b)(1)(B) and (b)(2)(B), the motion is considered denied if the trial court does not rule on the motion within sixty (60) days. We vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing using the correct scoresheet. See Taylor v. State, 752 So. 2d 85 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000). Judgment AFFIRMED; sentence VACATED for resentencing. SHARP, W. and SAWAYA, JJ., concur.…

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