R.M., APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
R.M. was convicted of loitering and prowling under Florida Statute § 856.021, but the appellate court reversed because the State presented legally insufficient evidence to prove both required elements of the crime. The court held that suspicions of future criminal conduct and inconsistent answers to police questions cannot substitute for proof of conduct creating an imminent threat to public safety.
The conviction is reversed because the State failed to prove the elements required for loitering and prowling. The evidence did not establish that R.M. was the person observed at the dealership, and his conduct of walking on a public street with a companion at 11:00 p.m. is not unusual or alarming. Mere suspicions of future criminal conduct and inconsistent answers do not satisfy the statutory requirement of proof that the accused's conduct created an imminent threat to public safety.
[1] To obtain a conviction for loitering and prowling, the State must prove that the accused was loitering and prowling in a manner not usual for law-abiding citizens and tha…
[2] To satisfy the second prong for loitering and prowling, the State must prove that the accused's conduct is alarming in nature, creating an imminent threat to public safet…
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“to obtain a conviction for loitering and prowling the State must prove the following two elements: first, the accused must be loitering and prowling in a manner not usual for law-abiding citizens; and second, the factual circumstances must warrant a justifiable and reasonable concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity. To satisfy the second prong the State must prove that the accused's conduct is alarming in nature, creating an imminent threat to public safety.”
Establishes the legal test for loitering and prowling conviction, requiring both unusual conduct and proof of imminent threat to safety.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOn February 6, 1999, a gas station manager observed two people pulling on car door handles at a Cadillac dealership parking lot for approximately ten …
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Loitering And Prowling cases and more on FLexlaw
CASANUEVA, Judge.
R.M. appeals his conviction for loitering and prowling in violation of section 856.021, Florida Statutes (1997), and contends that the trial court erred in failing to grant his motion for judgment of acquittal. Because the evidence presented by the State was legally insufficient for a conviction, we reverse.
On the night of February 6, 1999, a gas station manager in Sarasota saw a young man and woman in the parking lot of the Cadillac dealership across the street. For approximately ten minutes, the manager observed the two pulling on the door handles of one car after another. Because of their conduct and the late hour- — it was almost 11:00 p.m. — the manager called the police. While she was on the phone the manager told the dispatcher that the two had begun walking down an adjacent street, but she never saw them again after they were arrested, and at trial the manager was unable to identify R.M. as the young man she saw pulling on the door handles.
Having presented this background information at the outset of the trial, the State turned its attention to the circumstances surrounding R.M.’s apprehension. An officer stopped R.M. and a companion as they walked in a public street approximately 50 feet away from the Cadillac dealership. When asked what he was doing there, R.M. gave somewhat inconsistent and improbable answers. A second officer testified that he inspected the lot and found what appeared to be fingerprints and pry marks on the windows or doorjambs of several cars, but because the vehicles were covered with dew and precipitation he could not obtain any more evidence. The police investigation uncovered no tools, either in the lot or on R.M.’s person. This second officer speculated that R.M. was conducting a “probe”-surveying the premises in anticipation of possible future criminal conduct.
In J.S.B. v. State, 729 So. 2d 456, 457 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999), this court held that to obtain a conviction for loitering and prowling the State must prove the following two elements: first, the accused must be loitering and prowling in a manner not usual for law-abiding citizens; and second, the factual circumstances must warrant a justifiable and reasonable concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity. To satisfy the second prong the State must prove that the accused’s conduct is alarming in nature, creating an imminent threat to public safety.
Here, the State demonstrated that a citizen’s concerns were aroused by what she observed in the Cadillac dealership, but no evidence actually linked R.M. to the parking lot. The manager did not identify R.M. as the person she saw on the lot, nor did the State connect the fingerprints on the vehicles with R.M. Furthermore, when apprehended, R.M. was walking on a public street in the company of a female at 11:00 p.m., behavior that cannot be described as particularly unusual or alarming. Thus, any suspicion that R.M. might have aroused by giving inconsistent or puzzling answers to the officer’s questions is irrelevant, because there was no need for R.M. to dispel any alarm. See W.A.E. v. State, 654 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995); K.R.R. v. State, 629 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994).
The factual circumstances might have been, as the officer conjectured, consistent with a “probe.” However, mere suspicions of future criminal conduct will not satisfy the statute, which requires proof that the suspect’s actions created an immediate concern for the safety of nearby property. These facts did not rise to that level as there was no evidence of an imminent threat. Accordingly, we reverse the order finding R.M. guilty of loitering and prowling and remand with instructions that he be discharged.
GREEN, A.C.J., and SALCINES, J., Concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Grant v. State, 854 So. 2d 240 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)…crime.” Id. The fact that the men gave the officers inconsistent explanations for their presence at the Farmer’s Market is irrelevant because the men’s actions were not alarming, thus there was no need for the men to dispel alarm. See R.M. v. State, 754 So. 2d 849, 850 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (finding defendant’s inconsistent and puzzling answers to officer’s questions were irrelevant because there was no need for defendant to dispel any alarm). As the evidence did not demonstrate that appellant was engaged in ac…
-
Rinehart v. State, 778 So. 2d 331 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)…persons or property in the vicinity.” § 856.021, Fla. Stat. (1997); see J.S.B. v. State, 729 So. 2d 456, 457 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). Where there is no evidence of an imminent threat to either persons or property no crime is committed. See R.M. v. State, 754 So. 2d 849, 850 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). Here, the deputy admitted that when he first observed Mr. Rinehart, he did not suspect that his behavior constituted an imminent threat to public safety. Rather, he wanted Mr. Rinehart and the others to fill out field interv…
-
Rucker v. State, 921 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)…Fla. 4th DCA 2003); see also E.C. v. State, 724 So. 2d 1243, 1244 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999). Second, the factual circumstances must establish that the accused’s behavior is “alarming in nature, creating an imminent threat to public safety.” R.M. v. State, 754 So. 2d 849, 850 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). Because the statute requires the creation of an immediate concern, the mere suspicion of future conduct is insufficient. Id. In this instance, the facts possessed by the deputy did not support a finding of probable cause ba…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- K.R.R. v. State, 629 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
- J.S.B. v. State, 729 So. 2d 456 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)
- W.A.E. v. State, 654 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995)