OSCAR MASSEY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Oscar Massey was convicted of attempted robbery with a deadly weapon, burglary of a conveyance, and petit theft. On appeal, he challenged the denial of his motion for judgment of acquittal on the burglary and petit theft counts, arguing he did not participate in those acts. The court affirmed, holding that crimes committed by a co-perpetrator in furtherance of a common criminal scheme are attributable to all participants in that scheme.
A defendant who participates in a common criminal scheme is guilty of all crimes committed in furtherance of that scheme, regardless of whether he physically participates in each individual criminal act. The burglary and petit theft were properly attributable to Massey because they were committed in furtherance of the common design of robbing the convenience store.
[1] A defendant participating in a common criminal scheme is guilty of all crimes committed in furtherance of that scheme, even if the defendant did not participate in each i…
[2] Theft of a shirt from a car parked outside a store and burglary of that car can be considered acts committed in furtherance of a plan to rob the store.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“One who participates with another in a common criminal scheme, however, is guilty of all crimes committed in furtherance of that scheme, regardless of whether he or she participates in each individual criminal act.”
Establishes the primary legal rule governing liability for co-perpetrators' acts committed during a common criminal enterprise
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMassey and co-perpetrator Donaldson went to a 7-Eleven wearing masks and dark clothing, with Massey carrying a night stick and Donaldson carrying a BB…
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STONE, J.
Massey was convicted of attempted robbery with a deadly weapon while wearing a mask, burglary of a conveyance, and second-degree petit theft. On appeal, Massey argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal on the petit theft and burglary counts. We affirm, finding sufficient prima facie evidence to support the convictions.
Massey and co-perpetrator Donaldson went to a local 7-Eleven with the intent to rob the store. Both men wore masks and dark clothing. Massey held a night stick and Donaldson held a BB gun. Prior to entering, Donaldson took a shirt from a car parked outside of the store (the offense in issue) and wrapped the shirt around the BB gun. The men then entered the store and jointly committed the attempted robbery charged in count I, not in issue here.
Prior to trial, both Donaldson and Massey gave voluntary statements, wherein they admitted to robbing the 7-Eleven. Further, both men assisted the police in recovering the BB gun, night stick, and clothing worn during the robbery.
At trial, Massey moved for judgment of acquittal as to burglary of a conveyance (count II), and petit theft of the shirt (count III). Massey argued that the state failed to present evidence showing that he participated, assisted, or encouraged Donaldson to commit those crimes.
A defendant may not be convicted of a crime which is outside of the original felonious collaboration. See Valdes v. State, 626 So. 2d 1316, 1322 (Fla.1993), denial of post-conviction relief affirmed by 728 So. 2d 736 (Fla.1999). One who participates with another in a common criminal scheme, however, is guilty of all crimes committed in furtherance of that scheme, regardless of whether he or she participates in each individual criminal act. See id. (quoting Jacobs v. State, 396 So. 2d 713, 716 (Fla.1981)). Here, Massey admits that he participated in the robbery; therefore, the question before this court is whether the extra criminal acts committed by Donaldson were in furtherance of that crime. See Hampton v. State, 336 So. 2d 378, 380 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976).
In Valdes, two officers were attacked by Valdes and a co-perpetrator. Moments later, the two men left the scene and headed toward their car. The co-perpetrator pointed his pistol at the occupants of a vehicle that had pulled into the lot and used the butt of the gun to shatter the windshield. Valdes was found guilty of numerous offenses including the aggravated assault committed by the co-perpetrator in fleeing. The supreme court rejected Valdes’ contention that he was entitled to a judgment of acquittal because he did not actually participate in the criminal act. Valdes, 626 So. 2d at 1322. The supreme court held that even though he did not physically participate in that crime, he was guilty as a principal because the aggravated assault was committed in furtherance of the common criminal scheme. Id.
Here, we similarly find that the burglary and petit theft were committed in furtherance of the robbery. While Massey did not actually participate in these criminal acts, Donaldson’s actions were not foreign to the common design of robbing the convenience store. Thus, it was proper for the jury to conclude that the burglary and petit theft were within the common criminal scheme.
We also find no error in sentencing Appellant under the Prison Releasee Re-Offender Act, as this court has previously recognized that this Act is not unconstitutional. See Jennings v. State, 744 So. 2d 1126 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999); Rollinson v. State, 743 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999); State v. Wise, 744 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. granted, 741 So. 2d 1137 (Fla.1999).
POLEN and GROSS, JJ., concur.
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Nectali Galvez-Vasquez v. State, 787 So. 2d 146 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)…underwear down on the wood floor. He then went back to the car, where a police officer apprehended the four men. As the State argues, it appears that the men planned to commit an aggravated assault and/or aggravated battery. Citing Massey v. State, 755 So. 2d 761, 762 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000), the State contends that the arson was not an independent act by Bara-hona because it was not outside the common design of the “original felonious collaboration.” We do not agree. It appears that the men wanted to get even w…
Authorities Cited
- Jacobs v. State, 396 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 1981)
- State v. Wise, 744 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Rollinson v. State, 743 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Valdes v. State, 626 So. 2d 1316 (Fla. 1993)
- Hampton v. State, 336 So. 2d 378 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976)
- Jennings v. State, 744 So. 2d 1126 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Valdes v. State, 728 So. 2d 736 (Fla. 1999)
- Edwards v. State, 728 So. 2d 736 (Fla. 1999)