ELIZABETH CONEY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Elizabeth Coney was convicted of grand theft after a joint trial with codefendant McKenzie. The Fourth District reversed her conviction due to two constitutional errors: McKenzie's lawyer improperly elicited testimony about Coney's post-Miranda silence regarding her whereabouts, and the prosecutor questioned Coney about prior shoplifting incidents without establishing a good faith factual basis.
Coney's conviction is reversed because: (1) McKenzie's lawyer improperly elicited testimony calling attention to Coney's exercise of her right to remain silent by establishing she never mentioned going to the bank, which violated her constitutional right to silence; and (2) the prosecutor improperly questioned Coney about prior shoplifting mistakes without first establishing a good faith factual basis for such questioning.
[1] A comment is fairly susceptible of being construed by the jury as a comment on the defendant's exercise of his or her right to remain silent, violating the defendant's ri…
[2] Neither a prosecutor nor the lawyer for a codefendant may cross-examine or otherwise comment on a defendant's right to remain silent.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“if a "comment is fairly susceptible of being construed by the jury as a comment on the defendant's exercise of his or her right to remain silent, it violates the defendant's right to silence" under article I, section 9 of the Florida Constitution”
Establishes the legal standard for constitutional error based on comments about silence
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceConey and McKenzie were arrested for grand theft of jewelry from a Palm Beach store. Both received Miranda warnings; McKenzie made statements to polic…
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PER CURIAM.
Appellant Elizabeth Coney was charged along with codefendant Adrienne McKenzie with grand theft of jewelry from a store in Palm Beach. After their arrest, both defendants were given Miranda warnings; McKenzie made statements to the police, but Coney did not.
The two women were tried together. Coney testified that she did not realize she was still wearing the store’s gold chain around her neck when she left the establishment. The arresting officer observed Coney wearing a gold chain with a price tag at the time she was stopped, shortly after leaving the store.
In spite of the trial court’s efforts to purge the trial of any reference to Coney’s exercise of her right to remain silent, McKenzie’s lawyer established through the arresting officer that Coney never claimed that she was on her way to a bank at 'the time she was stopped. This was important, because the owner of the store testified that when the defendants left her shop, they said that they were going to a bank to get money to purchase several items.
The supreme court has held that if a “comment is fairly susceptible of being construed by the jury as a comment on the defendant’s exercise of his or her right to remain silent, it violates the defendant’s right to silence” under article I, section 9 of the Florida Constitution. State v. Hoggins, 718 So. 2d 761, 769 (Fla.1998); see Dean v. State, 690 So. 2d 720, 724 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). Disclosing that Coney, post-Miranda, failed to mention that she was on her way to a bank calls attention to her silence, particularly in view of McKenzie’s statements to the police. See Smith v. State, 681 So. 2d 894 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996); Cook v. State, 714 So. 2d 1132 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).
The constitutional error was not muted because it was not the prosecutor, but McKenzie’s lawyer who elicited the testimony about Coney’s silence. In Spivey v. State, 529 So. 2d 1088, 1093 (Fla.1988), the supreme court held that neither a prosecutor nor the lawyer for a code-fendant may cross-examine or otherwise comment on a defendant’s right to remain silent. As the court wrote,
the state urges that we hold that neither the state nor a codefendant may cross-examine or otherwise comment on a defendant’s silence. We agree and so hold. Such cross-examination or comment serves no legitimate purpose and permits codefendants to introduce potentially reversible error and to cause mistrials or severances at the expense of the rights of the other codefendants to fair and speedy trials and of the state to joint and speedy trials.
Id.
We do not find the error to be harmless, especially in light of the jury’s written question to the court during deliberations requesting a read back of Coney’s “statement about what she said after being stopped by the police officer.”
On the remaining issue, the prosecutor could properly have questioned Coney about whether she had claimed that she had mistakenly left a store with merchandise when accused of shoplifting on a prior occasion. See § 90.404(2)(a), Fla. Stat. (1999) (“Similar fact evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is admissible when relevant to prove a material fact in issue, such as ... absence of mistake or accident. ...”). However, the prosecutor was first required to demonstrate a good faith factual basis for asking such questions. See, e.g., King v. State, 525 So. 2d 924, 926 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988). No such factual basis appears in this record. The trial court’s instruction to ignore the prosecutor’s questions was insufficient to dissipate the suggestion that the prosecutor had documentation of prior shoplifting incidents where Coney had claimed mistake.
Coney’s conviction of grand theft is reversed and the case is remanded for a new trial.
STEVENSON, SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ., concur.
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Citator
Cited By
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Rose v. State, 985 So. 2d 500 (Fla. 2008)…on the defendant’s exercise of his or her right to remain silent, it violates the defendant’s right to silence.” State v. Hoggins, 718 So. 2d 761, 769 (Fla.1998); see also Dickey v. State, 785 So. 2d 617, 619-20 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001); Coney v. State, 756 So. 2d 173, 174 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000); Cook v. State, 714 So. 2d 1132, 1133 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998). However, a resentencing is not a retrial of the defendant’s guilt or innocence. See King v. State, 514 So. 2d 354, 357 (Fla.1987). In Chandler v. State, 534 So. 2d 7…
Authorities Cited
- State v. Hoggins, 718 So. 2d 761 (Fla. 1998)
- Dean v. State, 690 So. 2d 720 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
- Spivey v. State, 529 So. 2d 1088 (Fla. 1988)
- Smith v. State, 681 So. 2d 894 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
- Loylin King v. State, 525 So. 2d 924 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
- Cook v. State, 714 So. 2d 1132 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998)