GERALD PROCTOR, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 2000-07-07
No. 2D99-2683
PARKER, A.C.J., and BLUE, J., Concur.
764 So. 2d 752 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (2000) Caution
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

Gerald Proctor appeals a criminal contempt conviction and 60-day jail sentence for allegedly refusing to pay alimony and attorney fees while having the ability to do so. The appellate court reverses because the proceeding was based on an unsworn motion rather than a sworn affidavit as required by Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 3.840(a).


Holding

The court held that an indirect criminal contempt proceeding must comply with Rule 3.840(a), which requires an affidavit of a person having knowledge of the facts unless the order is issued on the judge's own motion. The failure to comply with this requirement constitutes fundamental error, and a contempt order arising from a non-compliant proceeding cannot stand.


Headnotes

[1] An indirect criminal contempt proceeding must comply with the procedural requirements of Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.840.

[2] An order to show cause in an indirect criminal contempt proceeding must be based on an affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts, unless issued on the judge's…

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Key Quotes

“An indirect criminal contempt proceeding must comply with the procedural requirements of Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.840. See Bowen v. Bowen, 471 So.2d 1274, 1279 (Fla.1985). In this case there was no sworn affidavit or testimony to support the trial court's issuance of the order to show cause. If the order does not issue on the judge's own motion, Rule 3.840(a) provides that an order to show cause may issue "on affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts." Where there is no affidavit or sworn testimony to support the issuance of an order to show cause, the failure to comply with the rule is fundamental error and a contempt order arising out of that proceeding may not stand.”

This quote establishes the controlling legal standard that procedural compliance with Rule 3.840(a) is mandatory and non-compliance constitutes fundamental error in indirect criminal contempt proceedings.

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Facts & Procedural History

Gerald Proctor's ex-wife Angela filed a motion for order to show cause alleging that Proctor had the ability to pay alimony ($8,388.11), attorney fees…

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Opinion of the Court
GREEN, Judge.

GREEN, Judge.

Gerald Proctor, the former husband of Angela Maria Proctor, appeals the trial court’s order adjudicating him in criminal contempt of court and sentencing him to sixty days’ incarceration in the county jail. We reverse.

The instant proceeding began with a motion for order to show cause filed by Angela Proctor’s attorney. The motion was not sworn to by Angela Proctor or any other person having knowledge of the facts. The motion was one of several filed by Angela Proctor’s attorney alleging that although Gerald Proctor had the ability to pay alimony, attorney fees, and show proof of life insurance naming Angela Proctor as beneficiary, he refused to do so. The motion contained the following request:

That the Petitioner/Former Wife, ANGELA MARIA PROCTOR, requests that the Respondent/Former Husband be found in contempt and incarcerated with the ability to purge his contempt by payment of all amounts owed ($8,38.11 [sic] for alimony and $1,232.70 for attorney’s fees and costs) and by providing proof of change on his life insurance policy naming the Former Wife as a joint beneficiary per the last order entered on September 28,1998.

The court issued an order to show cause which was expressly predicated upon the wife’s motion for order to show cause. The order contained an admonition that if the husband did not appear at the hearing he might be sentenced in open court to “a fine and imprisonment in the County Jail of Hillsborough County, Florida, not to exceed one-hundred eighty (180) days.”

Gerald Proctor was at that time unemployed and was later determined by a Hillsborough County judge to be indigent. A public defender was appointed to represent him. Gerald Proctor’s attorney failed to object that the entire proceeding was based on an unsworn request to hold Gerald Proctor in civil contempt.

Ultimately, the court found that Gerald Proctor was in willful contempt of previous court orders at a time when he had the ability to meet his obligations. The order concluded with an imposed sentence of incarceration with no purge amount.

This entire proceeding was predicated upon rule 3.840(a), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, which requires an affidavit “of any person having knowledge of the facts” as a basis for an order directing a respondent to show cause why-he or she should not'be held in contempt of court. The order may also be issued on the judge’s own motion; however, this circumstance did not apply to these proceedings.

The state argued that the unsworn motion does not rise to the level of fundamental error and the issue was therefore waived. We disagree. In Baker v. Green, 732 So. 2d 6 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999), the court held:

An indirect criminal contempt proceeding must comply with the procedural requirements of Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.840. See Bowen v. Bowen, 471 So. 2d 1274, 1279 (Fla.1985). In this case there was no sworn affidavit or testimony to support the trial court’s issuance of the order to show cause. If the order does not issue on the judge’s own motion, Rule 3.840(a) provides that an order to show cause may issue “on affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts.” Where there is no affidavit or sworn testimony to support the issuance of an order to show cause, the failure to comply with the rule is fundamental error and a contempt order arising out of that proceeding may not stand.

Id. at 7. See also Lindman v. Ellis, 658 So. 2d 632 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995) (holding that an order of indirect criminal contempt was legally insufficient because the order to show cause was based on an unsworn motion for the purpose of setting forth the allegations).

Accordingly, we are compelled to reverse this order of criminal contempt.

Reversed and remanded.

PARKER, A.C.J., and BLUE, J., Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Smartmays v. State, 901 So. 2d 278 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005)
    …and sentence entered pursuant thereto are affirmed. AFFIRMED. GRIFFIN and PALMER, JJ., concur. . Art. 1 § 15, Fla. Const. . The two decisions relied upon by the defendant, Hagan v. State, 853 So. 2d 595 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) and Proctor v. State, 764 So. 2d 752 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000), are distinguishable because they are not probation revocation proceedings but involved criminal contempt proceedings.…
  • Yilka de Castro v. Scorpio de Castro, 957 So. 2d 1258 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007)
    …f the essential facts. See Mendana v. Mendana, 911 So. 2d 130 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005)(holding that where a sworn affidavit which sets forth the essential facts is attached to the order to show cause, the show cause order is sufficient); Proctor v. State, 764 So. 2d 752 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)(holding that predicating a finding of criminal contempt on an unsworn motion for an order to show cause amounted to fundamental error); Hunt v. State, 659 So. 2d 363 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995)(fmding that a show cause order must be based…
  • Sramek v. State, 946 So. 2d 1235 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007)
    …ere there has been a defect in the affidavit supporting the show cause order. See Mix, 827 So. 2d at 399 (reversing an adjudication for indirect criminal contempt because the basis of the order to show cause was an unsworn motion); Proctor v. State, 764 So. 2d 752, 753 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (same); Hill v. State, 643 So. 2d 1178 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994) (finding fundamental error where the affidavit in support of the order to show cause failed to state facts supporting contempt); Giles v. Renew, 639 So. 2d 701, 702-03…

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