RICHARD FILAN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2000-02-09
No. 4D99-0854
WARNER, C.J., and STEVENSON, J., concur.
768 So. 2d 1100 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2000) Positive Treatment
Cited by 31 cases

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Holding

The appellate court held that the defendant failed to preserve the issue of the admissibility of hospital medical records because the objection made at trial was not sufficiently specific.


Headnotes

[1] A general objection of "lack of foundation" is not a specific ground of objection sufficient to preserve an issue for appeal.

[2] To preserve an issue for appeal, an objection must be sufficiently precise to fairly apprise the trial court of the relief sought and the grounds therefor.

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Facts & Procedural History

The defendant was convicted of felony driving under the influence following a car accident. The conviction relied in part on hospital medical records …

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Opinion of the Court
GROSS, J.

GROSS, J.

Richard Filan appeals his conviction of felony driving under the influence.

On September 2, 1997, Filan was involved in an automobile accident with two other cars, which caused injury to two persons. The police officer who responded to the accident scene detected the odor of an alcoholic beverage about Filan’s person and caused him to be transported to jail. About twenty minutes after his arrival at the jail, Filan fainted, so the police took him to John F. Kennedy Hospital.

On appeal, Filan primarily attacks the admission into evidence of his hospital medical records, which contained the results of a blood alcohol test conducted at the hospital.

In Baber v. State, 738 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999), this court addressed a defendant’s challenge to the admission of a blood alcohol report that had been prepared for medical purposes at the hospital where the defendant was treated following a car accident. The records were admitted after the state called the hospital’s medical records custodian to lay the necessary foundation under section 90.803(6)(a), Florida Statutes (1995), to establish that the records fell within the business records exception to the hearsay rule. We held that the trial court properly admitted the blood alcohol report as a business record. See id. at 382; see also Love v. Garcia, 634 So. 2d 158 (Fla.1994) (reversing where trial court denies defendant the opportunity to lay predicate for admission of blood alcohol test as business record); Brock v. State, 676 So. 2d 991 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

When the state moved to admit the records in this case, defense counsel objected on the grounds of relevance. At the ensuing sidebar, when asked why the record would not be relevant, the attorney replied, “Because they didn’t lay a proper foundation for it to come in yet ... [as to] “[w]ho drew it, all this other stuff.” In admitting the records, the trial judge ruled that the state had satisfied foundation requirements of section 90.803(6). At trial, defense counsel did not direct the court’s attention to any aspect of section 90.803(6) which had not been met.

On appeal, Filan argues that the state did not comply with section 90.803(6), because it failed to offer testimony that the records were made “by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge” of the matter recorded. Since this precise objection was not made to the trial court, Filan has failed to preserve this issue for appeal.

For a judgment and sentence to be reversed on appeal, this court must find that a prejudicial error was properly preserved in the trial court. See § 924.051(3), Fla. Stat. (1999). An issue or objection is “preserved” within the meaning of the statute if it was timely raised and ruled on by the trial judge and if the objection was “sufficiently precise that it fairly apprised the trial court of the relief sought and the grounds therefor.” § 924.051(l)(b), Fla. Stat. (1999).

The evidence code also requires precision in objections. Section 90.104(l)(a), Florida Statutes (1999), provides that a court may reverse a judgment on the basis of admitted evidence when a “substantial right” of a party is affected and there is a timely objection or motion to strike in the record “stating the specific ground of objection if the specific ground was not apparent from the context.”

In Jackson v. State, 738 So. 2d 382, 386 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999), we held that the “objection ‘lack of foundation,’ like its first cousin ‘improper predicate,’ is not a ‘specific ground of objection’ within the meaning of section 90.104(l)(a).” Jackson derives from the value that a trial should not be reduced to a guessing game: The general, non-specific objection in this case — “lack of foundation” — did not alert the state or the trial court as to what portion was missing from the foundation for the admission of business records under section 90.803(6)(a). With a specific objection not only can the trial court make an intelligent and informed decision but it would also give the state an opportunity to correct the defects, where possible, by asking additional questions of the witness or calling an additional witness who might be able to correct the defects.

Id. at 386. Loose, general objections encourage bad lawyering and judging; a trial judge might grant a “no foundation” objection for a reason not even contemplated by the party raising it.

Defense counsel’s objection at the trial did not direct the trial court’s attention to that aspect of the section 90.803(6)(a) foundation which he now claims was deficient on appeal. The objection was neither “specific” within the meaning of section 90.104(l)(a), nor “sufficiently precise” as required by section 924.051(l)(b). The defense therefore failed to preserve its objection to the admission of the hospital records into evidence under the business records exception to the hearsay rule.

On the other point raised on appeal, we find no error in the trial court’s denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal.

AFFIRMED.

WARNER, C.J., and STEVENSON, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (17 total)

  • Overton v. State, 801 So. 2d 877 (Fla. 2001)
    …ied, “He was very upset. He was crying. He was devastated.” First, we conclude that the issue is properly preserved because we believe the trial court was “fairly apprized” of thé relief sought and the grounds for the objection. See Filan v. State, 768 So. 2d 1100 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000) (quoting section 924.051(l)(b), Florida Statutes (1999)). Turning to the merits, we decline to address whether the chaplain’s testimony was inadmissible hearsay introduced for purposes of bolstering Zientek’s credibility because…
  • Carratelli v. State, 832 So. 2d 850 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002)
    …ument comment because she did not object at all and failed to preserve a second prosecuto-rial closing argument comment because she “failed to secure a ruling on her objection ... and failed to move for a mistrial”) (emphasis added); Filan v. State, 768 So. 2d 1100, 1101 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000) (where this court wrote that “[a]n issue or objection is ‘preserved’ within the meaning of [§ 924.051(3) ] if it was timely raised and ruled on by the trial judge and if the objection was ‘sufficiently precise that it fairl…
  • Carter v. State, 951 So. 2d 939 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007)
    …“specific ground of objection” sufficient to preserve for appellate review an issue regarding the admission of evidence. Id.; Couzo v. State 830 So. 2d 177 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002); Alexander v. State, 778 So. 2d 1017 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); Filan v. State, 768 So. 2d 1100 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). In Filan, the defendant was tried for felony driving under the influence (DUI). During the trial, the state moved to admit into evidence the hospital records containing the results of the defendant’s blood alcohol test. The def…

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