SAFFORD P. BRONSON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2000-10-23
No. 1D99-671
ERVIN, LAWRENCE and PADOVANO, JJ., CONCUR.
768 So. 2d 1274 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2000)

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Synopsis

Safford Bronson appealed his convictions for armed burglary and two counts of aggravated battery, arguing they violated double jeopardy because the batteries were elements of the burglary and based on the same deadly weapon. The Florida Court of Appeal affirmed, holding that armed burglary and aggravated battery contain distinct elements and do not constitute double jeopardy.


Holding

The convictions do not violate double jeopardy because armed burglary under section 810.02(2)(b) and aggravated battery each contain elements the other does not. Armed burglary requires unauthorized entry into a structure, while aggravated battery requires the actual commission of a battery, making them separately punishable offenses.


Headnotes

[1] Separate convictions for armed burglary and aggravated battery do not violate double jeopardy when each offense contains an element not present in the other.

[2] Armed burglary requires proof of unauthorized entry into a structure with intent to commit an offense therein and possession of a dangerous weapon.

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Key Quotes

“The statutes proscribing armed burglary and aggravated battery each contain an element that the other does not, thus the separate convictions do not violate the bar against double jeopardy.”

Establishes the core holding that distinct statutory elements permit separate convictions without double jeopardy violation.

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Facts & Procedural History

Bronson was convicted of armed burglary with a deadly weapon (a knife) and two counts of aggravated battery. The armed burglary conviction was under F…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant, Safford Bronson, contends that his convictions of burglary with a deadly weapon and two counts of aggravated battery violated the prohibition against double jeopardy, because the aggravated batteries were an element of the burglary offense and all of the charges were based upon the possession of the same deadly weapon, a knife. We disagree and affirm.

The statutes proscribing armed burglary and aggravated battery each contain an element that the other does not, thus the separate convictions do not violate the bar against double jeopardy. Section 810.02(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1997), pertaining to armed burglary, requires proof of (1) unauthorized entry into a structure, (2) specific intent to commit an offense therein, and (3) possession of a dangerous weapon. Section 784.045(l)(a), Florida Statutes (1997), involving aggravated battery, requires proof of (1) an intentional touching or striking of another person against his or her will, and (2) use of a deadly weapon. Unlike aggravated battery, armed burglary requires entry into a structure, and unlike armed burglary, aggravated battery requires the commission of a battery.

The cases Bronson relies on are distinguishable. For example, Lyles v. State, 724 So. 2d 138 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998), holds that it is improper to convict a defendant for both burglary with a battery and simple battery where both offenses involve the same battery. Burglary with a battery is an offense under section 810.02(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1997), which applies if the offender, during the burglary, “[mjakes an assault or battery upon any person.” Bronson, however, was convicted under section 810.02(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1997), which applies if the offender, during the burglary, “[i]s or becomes armed within the dwelling, structure, or conveyance, with explosives or a dangerous weapon.” Accordingly, the principle in Lyles does not apply, because Bronson’s offense of armed burglary does not include the element of battery.

The Second District in Swain v. State, 744 So. 2d 474 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999), rejected Swain’s claim that his convictions for armed burglary and aggravated assault with a firearm constituted double jeopardy. The court stated that regardless of the charging document, “Swain was convicted of armed burglary with a firearm, not armed burglary with assault or battery,” and thus there was no double-jeopardy violation. As stated above, Bronson, too, was charged with and convicted of armed burglary under section 810.02(2)(b), and not burglary with a battery.

Bronson’s conviction for armed burglary required proof only that he intended to commit an offense therein, in this case a battery, whereas his conviction for aggravated battery required proof that he actually committed the battery. In cases where Florida courts have found double-jeopardy violations, the offense of burglary with an assault or battery was not completed until the defendant committed a battery within the structure. In contrast, once Bronson was in the motel room, he had completed the offense of armed burglary, and had not yet perpetrated the two aggravated batteries.

AFFIRMED.

ERVIN, LAWRENCE and PADOVANO, JJ., CONCUR.


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