PATRICK LAWRENCE HOLMAN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2000-10-23
No. 1D00-490
MINER and ALLEN, JJ., SMITH, LARRY G., Senior Judge, CONCUR.
769 So. 2d 514 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2000)

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Synopsis

The trial court erred in imposing 22-month concurrent prison sentences for violation of probation when the defendant had no prior felony conviction as required by statute. The appellate court reversed because the later-committed Marion County felony could not constitute a prior felony for sentencing purposes under the plain language of the statute and rule.


Holding

The trial court erred in imposing the 22-month sentences. A prior felony conviction must be one committed prior to the commission of the primary offense pending for sentencing, and the subsequently-committed Marion County felony did not meet this definition. Additionally, the uttering and forgery offenses were committed on May 22, 1997, before July 1, 1997, when the 22-month sentencing authority took effect.


Headnotes

[1] A prior felony conviction for purposes of sentencing enhancement statutes must precede the commission of the primary offense pending before the court for sentencing.

[2] A felony conviction occurring after the commission of the primary offense, but before sentencing for violation of probation on that primary offense, does not constitute a…

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Key Quotes

“Both the applicable rule and statute, however, define "prior record" as conviction for an offense "prior to" the commission of the "primary offense" and define "primary offense" as the offense pending before the court for sentencing that has the highest number of total sentence points.”

Establishes the controlling statutory and rule definition that determines when a prior felony exists for sentencing purposes

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Facts & Procedural History

In 1998, Holman pled guilty to felony forgery and uttering in Escambia County with no prior felony convictions. While on probation, he committed two o…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant argues that the trial court erred in imposing 22-month concurrent prison sentences upon his violation of probation because he did not have a prior felony conviction as required by the applicable statute and rule. We agree and reverse.

In 1998 appellant pled to felony charges of forgery and uttering in Escambia County. His guidelines scoresheet showed that he had no prior felony convictions and recommended any nonstate prison sanction. The court placed him on concurrent terms of 18 months of probation. While on probation, appellant committed two new offenses in Marion County, one of which was a felony, to which he pled and was placed on probation. Subsequently, an amended affidavit of violation of probation was filed in the Escambia County case alleging as grounds appellant’s commission of the Marion County offenses. Appellant appeared at the violation of probation hearing and pled guilty to violating his probation in the Escambia County case by committing the new law violations in Marion County. Even with the additional points assessed for appellant’s violation of probation, appellant’s guidelines score-sheet again called for any nonstate prison sanction. At a subsequent hearing, the court heard argument on the issue it previously asked the parties to research of whether section 921.001(5),Florida Statutes, and Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.703(d)(27), which permit the court to impose a 22-month prison sentence on a person whose scoresheet recommends any nonstate prison sanction if that person has a prior felony conviction, could be applied to appellant. The court acknowledged that appellant did not have a felony conviction prior to his commission of the forgery and uttering. The court decided, however, that because appellant’s Marion County felony was committed before it sentenced appellant for violation of probation in the Escambia County case, the Marion County felony became a prior felony for purposes of the statute and rule. Accordingly, the court revoked appellant’s probation, adjudicated appellant guilty of the forgery and uttering charges, and sentenced appellant to concurrent terms of 22 months in prison.

Both section 921.001(5), Florida Statutes, and Rule 3.703(d)(27) provide that a person sentenced for a felony “committed on or after July 1, 1997, who has at least one prior felony conviction and whose recommended sentence is any nonstate prison sanction may be sentenced to community control or a term of incarceration not to exceed 22 months.” Both the applicable rule and statute, however, define “prior record” as conviction for an offense “prior to” the commission of the “primary offense” and define “primary offense” as the offense pending before the court for sentencing that has the highest number of total sentence points. See § 921.0011(4)(5), Fla. Stat. (1997); Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.703(d)(14)-(15). At the hearing, appellant was found to have violated his probation as to the uttering and forgery convictions. Accordingly, it was those offenses that were pending before the court for sentencing, and it was on those offenses that the court imposed sentence. Appellant had no felony convictions prior to his commission of the forgery and uttering, and under the clear meaning of the statute and rule, the subsequent Marion County felony conviction was not a prior felony conviction.

Although not argued either below or on appeal, we note an important fact overlooked by the parties. The statute and rule authorize imposition of a 22-month prison term only for a felony “committed on or after July 1, 1997.” § 921.001(5), Fla. Stat.; Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.703(d)(27). The date of appellant’s uttering and forgery offenses for which he was sentenced was May 22,1997.

The sentences appealed are hereby vacated, and the case is remanded for resentencing.

MINER and ALLEN, JJ., SMITH, LARRY G., Senior Judge, CONCUR.


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