AMSOUTH BANK, APPELLANT,
v.
ROBERT J. WYNNE, EDWARD A. FERNANDEZ; AND ELLIS WARREN, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 2000-11-21
No. 1D99-1925
JOANOS, LAWRENCE and VAN NORTWICK, JJ„ CONCUR.
772 So. 2d 574 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2000) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

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Synopsis

AmSouth Bank appealed a jury verdict awarding damages to shareholder-directors Fernandez and Warren on fraud claims against the bank. The court reversed, holding that the shareholders' claims were derivative actions that could only be brought on behalf of the corporation, not individual suits, and therefore the shareholders lacked standing to pursue individual recovery.


Holding

The court held that the claims were derivative actions belonging to the corporation, not individual claims. The shareholders lacked standing to sue individually because the damages flowed primarily from injuries to the corporations (DICO and DUS), and the injuries to the shareholders were indirect and indistinct from injuries to other shareholders.


Headnotes

[1] A shareholder may bring an individual suit to redress an injury sustained directly by them, separate and distinct from injuries to other shareholders.

[2] If an injury is primarily against a corporation or its stockholders generally, the cause of action belongs to the corporation, and an individual's right to sue is derived…

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Key Quotes

“a stockholder may bring a suit in his own right to redress an injury sustained directly by him, and which is separate and distinct from that sustained by other stockholders. If, however, the injury is primarily against the corporation, or the stockholders generally, then the cause of action is in the corporation and the individual's right to bring it is derived from the corporation.”

Establishes the legal test distinguishing individual shareholder claims from derivative actions

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Facts & Procedural History

Fernandez, Warren, and Vaughn were founders and shareholders/directors of Dealers Insurance Co. (DICO). Fernandez and Vaughn also founded Dealers' Und…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal from a third party action by shareholder directors of Dealers Insurance Co. (“DICO”) against AmSouth Bank (“AmSouth”) for indemnity as well as fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. This case was tried along with Case No. 99-3330, and is based on the same basic facts as set forth in our opinion in that case.

Fernandez, Warren, and M.L. Vaughn were the founders of DICO. The three were shareholders and directors of DICO. Fernandez and Vaughn were also the founders of Dealers’ Underwriting Services (“DUS”) which served as an exclusive agent for DICO.

Fernandez and Warren claimed to have relied on AmSouth’s predecessor, Orange Bank’s responses to confirmation letters to the extent those letters were used in preparation of financial statements for DICO, which they reviewed, although they were not involved in running DICO on a daily basis. They had no direct communication with the bank, but claimed that had they known what was occurring with regard to DICO assets and the hypothecation agreements in 1990, they would have taken steps to remove Vaughn, retrieve DICO assets, and salvage the company. DUS allegedly failed along with DICO.

The Department of Insurance, as receiver, brought actions against Vaughn, as well as Fernandez and Warren, who settled the claims and sought indemnity from Am-South. The jury ruled in AmSouth’s favor on the indemnity claims, but awarded damages to Fernandez and Warren on the fraud claims. AmSouth contends on appeal that the trial court erred in permitting Fernandez and Warren to maintain individual claims that were legally sustainable only as shareholders’ derivative actions, and that in doing so, the court permitted a double recovery to occur. We agree and reverse.

Appellant contends the causes of action asserted against it by appellees were for injuries to the corporation, and were not distinct from injuries to shareholders generally, both as to DICO and as to DUS. Our review of the applicable case law convinces us that appellant is correct.

In Alario v. Miller, 354 So. 2d 925 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978), the court said:

a stockholder may bring a suit in his own right to redress an injury sustained directly by him, and which is separate and distinct from that sustained by other stockholders. If, however, the injury is primarily against the corporation, or the stockholders generally, then the cause of action is in the corporation and the individual’s right to bring it is derived from the corporation. If the damages are only indirectly sustained by the stockholder as a result of injury to the corporation, the stockholder does not have a cause of action as an individual.

In the instant case, the damages claimed by appellees flowed primarily from injuries to DICO and DUS, respectively. The injuries to appellees were indirect, indistinct from injuries to other shareholders, and did not provide a basis for their individual suits. See generally In re Sunrise Securities Litigation v. Jacoby, 916 F. 2d 874 (3d Cir.1990)(applying Florida law).

Our ruling on this issue is supported by, although not dependent upon, the Eleventh Circuit’s recent ruling in Hyatt v. AmSouth Bank, Case No. 00-11286, 233 F. 3d 579 (11th Cm., August 30, 2000).

REVERSED. The trial court is directed to enter judgment for appellant.

JOANOS, LAWRENCE and VAN NORTWICK, JJ„ CONCUR.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Dinuro Invs., LLC v. Felisberto Figueira Camacho, 141 So. 3d 731 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014)
    …ard have not analyzed the issue [*739] uniformly or even explicitly acknowledged a two-prong standard. For example, many cases have quoted the Peters test and then analyzed only whether a direct harm was inflicted. See, e.g., AmSouth Bank v. Wynne, 772 So. 2d 574, 575 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000) (“In the instant case, the damages claimed by appellees flowed primarily from injuries to [the companies], respectively. The injuries to appellees were indirect, indistinct from injuries to other shareholders, and did not pr…
  • Lewis v. Seneff, 654 F. Supp. 2d 1349 (M.D. Fla. 2009)
    …orporation or the stockholders generally. Id. By contrast, a direct action seeks redress for an injury suffered directly by the stockholder that is separate from any injury sustained by the other stockholders. Id.; AmSouth Bank v. Wynne, 772 So.2d 574, 575 (Fla. DCA 2000). Florida employs the separate and distinct injury test to determine whether a stockholder may bring a direct action. Alario v. Miller, 354 So.2d 925 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1978). Under the separate and distinct injury test,…
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