MARVIN ETIENNE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2001-04-04
No. 4D99-111
STEVENSON, GROSS and HAZOURI, JJ., concur.
780 So. 2d 1038 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2001) Negative Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

Marvin Etienne was convicted of second-degree murder and aggravated assault with a firearm. The appellate court affirmed the convictions but reversed the sentencing departure, holding that the trial judge abused its discretion by changing its mind two years later about whether the crime was heinous, atrocious, or cruel.


Holding

The trial judge abused its discretion in changing its mind about whether the crime was heinous, atrocious, or cruel at resentencing. The judge's original finding that these aggravating factors did not apply was not subject to reevaluation upon resentencing because it was not the basis for the resentencing and was not challenged.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by reconsidering and reversing a prior ruling on a matter not subject to reevaluation at resentencing.

[2] A trial court may depart from sentencing guidelines upon resentencing if valid grounds for departure existed at the time of the original sentencing, provided the court ha…

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Key Quotes

“the trial judge abused his discretion in changing his mind about whether the crime was "heinous, atrocious or cruel" at Etienne's resentencing. The trial judge had previously found that the shooting was not heinous, atrocious or cruel at a time when the facts of the case were fresher in his mind”

Establishes the core holding that changing a previous factual finding after two years constitutes an abuse of discretion

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Facts & Procedural History

Etienne was convicted by jury of second-degree murder with a firearm and aggravated assault with a firearm. At original sentencing under the 1995 guid…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Marvin Etienne was found guilty of murder in the second degree with a firearm and aggravated assault with a firearm. Etienne challenges his convictions, alleging improper prosecutorial comments during closing arguments and the improper admission of the victim’s bloody clothes into evidence; he challenges his sentence, alleging that the trial court abused its discretion in upwardly departing from the sentencing guidelines for the stated reason that the crime was especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel. We affirm the convictions without discussion, but reverse the departure sentence and remand for resentencing.

After the jury returned the two convictions, Etienne was sentenced under the 1995 sentencing guidelines to 482.5 months in prison on count I (second degree murder) and five years concurrent on count II (aggravated assault with a firearm). The State’s motion to aggravate the sentence on the basis that the crime was heinous, atrocious or cruel was denied by the trial judge. After the sentence was imposed, and during the pendency of this appeal, the Florida Supreme Court in Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla.2000), sustained a constitutional challenge to the 1995 sentencing guidelines, enacted by chapter 95-184, based on a violation of the single subject rule. This court relinquished jurisdiction to the trial court for Etienne to file a motion to correct his sentence and for resentencing under the 1994 guidelines. At the resentencing hearing, the State again filed a motion to aggravate the sentence on the same basis that was rejected by the trial judge at the original sentencing, i.e., that the crime was heinous, atrocious, or cruel. This second time around, however, the trial judge found that the crime was indeed “heinous, atrocious and cruel,” departed from the applicable guidelines,1 and re-imposed Etienne’s thirty-six year sentence, stating that he “felt the thirty-six years [432 months] was an appropriate sentence under all the facts and circumstances of the case.”

In support of the trial judge’s order, the State cites Trotter v. State, 774 So. 2d 924 (Fla. 5th DCA), where the Fifth District found that, upon resentencing, the trial court can depart from the guidelines if the court finds that valid grounds for departure existed at the time of the original sentencing. Trotter is distinguishable because, there, the trial judge was considering upward departure for the first time. See id.; see also State v. Betancourt, 552 So. 2d 1107, 1108 (Fla.1989) (finding that the trial judge did not err in reconsidering whether a departure from the guidelines was appropriate because the judge had not previously had an opportunity to consider reasons for departure).

We review the departure sentence for an abuse of discretion. See Banks v. State, 732 So. 2d 1065, 1068 (Fla.1999) (holding that to depart from the sentencing guidelines is a judgment call and will be sustained on review absent an abuse of discretion). Here, we conclude that the trial judge abused his discretion in changing his mind about whether the crime was “heinous, atrocious or cruel” at Etienne’s resentencing. The trial judge had previously found that the shooting was not heinous, atrocious or cruel at a time when the facts of the case were fresher in his mind; almost two years had passed between Eti-enne’s original sentencing and the resentencing hearing. The basis for the resentencing had nothing to do with the court’s original finding that Etienne’s crime was not heinous, atrocious, or cruel; thus, that aspect of the trial judge’s order was not subject to reevaluation since it was not the subject of any challenge. Accordingly, we remand for resentencing in accordance with this opinion.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

STEVENSON, GROSS and HAZOURI, JJ., concur. . Etienne’s maximum sentence was calculated to be 269.5 months under the 1994 guidelines.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Alfonso-Roche v. State, 199 So. 3d 941 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016)
    …ges were required to delineate their reasons for departures from the guidelines, both orally and in writing. Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.702(d)(18) (1994). This court reviewed such departures under an abuse of discretion standard. See, e.g., Etienne v. State, 780 So. 2d 1038, 1039 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001). While the sentencing guidelines were well-intentioned, the criminal law became mired in the minutiae of scoresheets and whether a sentencing judge had articulated “clear and convincing reasons” for exceeding a presumptive…
  • Espinoza v. State, 821 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002)
    …t as valid reasons for a departure sentence at the original sentencing hearing in 1997. The trial court’s subsequent change of mind, that these factors supported an upward departure sentence, constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Etienne v. State, 780 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001). In Etienne as in this case, the state had moved for an upward departure sentence during the original sentencing on the grounds that the crime was heinous, atro.-cious, or cruel. The trial judge declined to impose an upward depa…
  • Cornelio Diaz v. State, 790 So. 2d 523 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …court may enter an upward departure sentence after the original guidelines sentence is vacated under Heggs. See Woodson v. State, 777 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001); Everett v. State, 770 So. 2d 192, 193 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). But see Etienne v. State, 780 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)(trial court cannot impose departure sentence when it had rejected the reasons for an upward departure at the original sentencing hearing). However, the resentencing procedure must comply with the requirements of due process and t…

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