PETER B. SERAPHIN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2001-04-25
No. 4D00-3610
STONE, GROSS and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.
785 So. 2d 608 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2001) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Peter Seraphin appeals the dismissal of his Rule 3.850 postconviction relief motion challenging his plea to robbery with a deadly weapon. The trial court dismissed the motion as moot after Seraphin was deported, but the appellate court reversed, holding that deportation does not moot a postconviction motion and that the motion is legally sufficient on its merits.


Holding

Deportation does not render a postconviction motion moot because a felony conviction against a noncitizen can result in multiple federal immigration consequences beyond deportation. The trial court's failure to comply with Rule 3.172(c)(8) regarding warnings of deportation consequences is mandatory, and the motion is legally sufficient to warrant an evidentiary hearing regardless of whether the defendant falsely claimed to be a U.S. citizen.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's deportation does not render moot a motion for postconviction relief alleging an involuntary plea due to undisclosed immigration consequences.

[2] A trial court's failure to advise a defendant of the potential deportation consequences of a plea may entitle the defendant to withdraw the plea if prejudice is shown.

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Key Quotes

“A trial court's failure to comply with Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.172(c)(8) and advise a defendant of the consequences of his plea may entitle him to withdraw his plea, if he shows that he was prejudiced, such as by threat of deportation.”

Establishes the legal standard for when failure to warn of immigration consequences entitles a defendant to relief

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Facts & Procedural History

Seraphin pleaded guilty to robbery with a deadly weapon on May 31, 1996, and was sentenced. After completing his sentence, the INS served him with a n…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

We reverse the order dismissing appellant’s Rule 3.850 motion for postconviction relief.

Appellant entered a plea to robbery with a deadly weapon and was sentenced on May 31, 1996. In his Rule 3.850 motion, appellant alleged that after he completed his sentence, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service sought to deport him and served him with a notice to appear. He attached a copy of the January 26, 1999 notice to his motion. The notice listed his May 31, 1996 conviction as grounds for his deportation. Appellant raised the following two grounds for relief: (1) involuntary plea, because the court failed to inform appellant that his plea might subject him to deportation; and (2) ineffective assistance of counsel, in that counsel affirmatively misadvised him that there would be no immigration consequences. Appellant attached a transcript of his plea colloquy, demonstrating that immigration consequences were not discussed at that hearing. He alleged that he had no actual knowledge of the immigration consequences of his plea and that had he been aware of the deportation consequences of his plea, he would not have entered a plea but would have insisted upon a trial and probably would have been acquitted.

In response to appellant’s motion, the state conceded that an evidentiary hearing was necessary. However, after learning that appellant was deported on July 17, 2000, the trial court dismissed the motion, ruling that deportation rendered appellant’s motion moot. The trial court cited Griffis v. State, 759 So. 2d 668 (Fla.2000) (when a defendant absconds after filing the appeal, the appellate court has authority to dismiss the appeal but should dismiss appeal only if there was an affront to authority of district court), and State v. Clements, 668 So. 2d 980 (Fla.1996) (appeal of conviction may be dismissed after death of defendant). However, these cases do not apply to appellant, who has neither absconded nor died.

In State v. Garcia, 234 Wis.2d 304, 610 N.W. 2d 180 (Ct.App.), rev. denied, 234 Wis.2d 178, 612 N.W. 2d 734 (2000), the defendant had been deported prior to the time of the hearing on his motion to withdraw his plea. The appellate court noted that the state presumably did not argue mootness after the deportation because a felony conviction against a noncitizen can result not only in deportation but also in exclusion from admission to this country or the denial of naturalization under federal law. 610 N.W. 2d at 182 n. 4. Applying that same reasoning to the instant case, we conclude that appellant’s deportation did not render his motion moot.

On the merits, the motion appears to be legally sufficient. A trial court’s failure to comply with Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.172(c)(8) and advise a defendant of the consequences of his plea may entitle him to withdraw his plea, if he shows that he was prejudiced, such as by threat of deportation. See, e.g., Marriott v. State, 605 So. 2d 985 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992), approved by Peart v. State, 756 So. 2d 42, 44 (Fla.2000).

The state contends that appellant may not have been prejudiced by the trial court’s failure to inform him of the deportation consequences of his plea. During the plea colloquy, in response to questioning by the court, appellant replied that he was a United States citizen. The state argues that if appellant was under the impression that he was a citizen of the United States, he may have suffered no prejudice. Although we recognize conflicting case law from our sister courts, see State v. Rajaee, 745 So. 2d 469 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999), and Johnson v. State, 760 So. 2d 992 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000), we have consistently held that the trial court’s compliance with rule 3.172(c)(8) is mandatory. See Sanders v. State, 685 So. 2d 1385 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) (rejecting state’s argument that defendant invited error by falsely stating he was United States citizen and reversing denial of motion for postconviction relief with directions to allow defendant to withdraw plea); see also Griffiths v. State, 776 So. 2d 280 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000); State v. Richardson, 785 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001); Elharda v. State, 775 So. 2d 321 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000), rev. denied, 780 So. 2d 915, No. SC00-1429 (Fla.2001).

Accordingly, we reverse and remand for the trial court to consider the motion on its merits.

STONE, GROSS and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Seraphin, 818 So. 2d 485 (Fla. 2002)
    …LEWIS, J. We have for review Seraphin v. State, 785 So. 2d 608 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001), in which the Fourth District certified conflict with Johnson v. State, 760 So. 2d 992 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000).1 See Seraphin v. State, 792 So. 2d 526 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001) (granting the State’s motion for certification of conflict). Th…

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