ARTURO G. GONZALEZ, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2001-06-20
No. 3D99-2064
Before COPE, FLETCHER and RAMIREZ, JJ.
789 So. 2d 1091 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2001) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Arturo Gonzalez appeals an order denying his motion to correct an illegal sentence for attempted first degree felony murder, a conviction rendered illegal by State v. Gray after his 1994 guilty plea. The court affirms, holding that Gonzalez cannot challenge the conviction after having accepted the benefits of his plea agreement and waiving the Gray issue during his 1996 appeal.


Holding

The court affirmed the denial of the motion, holding that a defendant cannot reopen a plea agreement after having accepted its benefits and having waived the Gray challenge during the appeal process, particularly when the waiver was made with the understanding that raising the issue would jeopardize the plea and subject the defendant to more severe consequences.


Headnotes

[1] A plea agreement is governed by contract principles.

[2] A defendant may waive the right to challenge a conviction based on a subsequent change in the law if doing so is part of a plea agreement and the defendant has accepted t…

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Key Quotes

“Plea agreements are governed by contract principles.”

Establishes the legal framework for analyzing whether Gonzalez could reopen his plea agreement

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Facts & Procedural History

In 1994, Gonzalez pleaded guilty to attempted first degree felony murder and three counts of aggravated child abuse, receiving a sentence of 45 years …

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Opinion of the Court
COPE, J.

On Rehearing Denied

COPE, J.

On consideration of appellant’s motion for rehearing, the court withdraws the opinion dated October 25, 2000, and substitutes the following opinion:

Arturo G. Gonzalez appeals an order denying his motion to correct illegal sentence. We affirm.

In 1994, defendant-appellant Gonzalez entered a guilty plea to one count of attempted first degree felony murder and three counts of aggravated child abuse, with the length of sentence to be decided by the court. The court sentenced defendant to thirty years of imprisonment on the attempted first degree felony murder count and fifteen years consecutive on one of the child abuse counts, for a total of forty-five years. Concurrent sentences were imposed on the remaining counts.

In 1995, the Florida Supreme Court decided State v. Gray, 654 So. 2d 552 (Fla.1995), which abolished the offense of attempted first degree felony murder and held that the decision would apply to cases pending on direct review or not yet final. See id. at 554.1

In 1996, defendant was granted a belated appeal. His appointed counsel raised several sentencing issues but did not challenge the legality of the conviction for attempted first degree felony murder. Defendant concedes that this was because “appellate counsel advised the defendant not to raise that issue, because it would have placed the defendant’s plea in jeopardy and subject to a higher sentence than that already imposed.”2 The State had nolle prossed a kidnapping count as part of the plea agreement, which the State could reinstate if the plea were set aside, and the defendant potentially was subject to more consecutive sentencing than that which the trial court had imposed. If the plea were set aside the State may also have been able to amend the information to charge the offense of attempted premeditated murder, instead of attempted first degree felony murder. This court affirmed the defendant’s sentences. See Gonzalez v. State, 683 So. 2d 676 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996). Defendant filed two subsequent postconviction motions, neither of which raised the Gray issue.

In 1999, defendant challenged his attempted first degree felony murder conviction, contending that it is illegal under Gray. The trial court denied the defendant’s motion, and this appeal follows.

Plea agreements are governed by contract principles. See Garcia v. State, 722 So. 2d 905, 907 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998), review dismissed, 727 So. 2d 905 (Fla.1999); State v. Frazier, 697 So. 2d 944, 945 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997). Defendant entered into his plea agreement one year prior to the Gray decision. At that time attempted first degree felony murder was a recognized offense. See State v. Woodley, 695 So. 2d 297, 298 (Fla.1997). As part of the plea agreement, the State nolle prossed the kidnapping charge. The defendant accepted the benefit of the plea agreement. During the belated appeal, defendant accepted his counsel’s advice that it would be in his best interest to forego making a Gray challenge. Having accepted the benefit of the bargain and having waived the Gray issue, the plea agreement cannot be reopened now.

Affirmed.

. Although not applicable to this case, the legislature subsequently reenacted the offense of attempted felony murder. See § 782.051, Fla. Slat. (1999); Brown v. State, 761 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000), approved, 781 So. 2d 1083 (Fla.2001).

. The briefs confirm this. The State pointed out in its brief that defendant had not made a Gray challenge, thereby retaining the benefit of his plea. Counsel for defendant filed a reply brief on other matters, but did not take issue with the statement that defendant had chosen not to raise a Gray challenge.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Mobley v. State, 808 So. 2d 1290 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002)
    …PER CURIAM. Affirmed. See Gonzalez v. State, 789 So. 2d 1091 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001), review denied, SC01-1747, — So. 2d - (Fla. Feb. 7, 2002); McMillan v. State, 701 So. 2d 1214 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997).…
  • State v. Herrera-Fernandez, 271 So. 3d 1124 (Fla. 3d DCA 2019)
    …DCA 2000), recognizing the outcome is controlled by the well-established case law that plea agreements in criminal cases are generally governed by principles of contract law. See Churchill v. State, 219 So. 3d 14 (Fla. 2017); Gonzalez v. State, 789 So. 2d 1091 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001); State v. Frazier, 697 So. 2d 944 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997); Garcia v. State, 722 So. 2d 905, 907 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998) (holding: “A plea 1 I use the terms “sentencing guidelines” and “below-guidelines” offer for ease of reference, recog…

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