DONALD L. FITZGERALD, PETITIONER,
v.
DARLENE M. FITZGERALD, RESPONDENT

Fla. 2d DCA | 2001-08-08
No. 2D00-5313
GREEN and SILBERMAN, JJ., Concur.
790 So. 2d 1216 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (2001) Caution
Cited by 3 cases

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Synopsis

Donald Fitzgerald sought certiorari to quash a trial court order denying his notice of voluntary dismissal in a dissolution proceeding. The court held that a plaintiff's right to voluntary dismissal is absolute absent fraud on the court or unresolved child custody issues, and the trial court therefore lacked authority to deny Fitzgerald's dismissal.


Holding

The trial court departed from essential requirements of law by denying the notice of voluntary dismissal. A plaintiff's right to voluntary dismissal is absolute absent significant unresolved child custody issues or fraud on the court. Because neither condition existed here, the trial court must accept Fitzgerald's notice of voluntary dismissal.


Headnotes

[1] A plaintiff's right to take a voluntary dismissal is generally absolute.

[2] In dissolution proceedings, a voluntary dismissal may be disallowed if significant child custody issues remain unresolved.

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Key Quotes

“The supreme court has held that the right of a plaintiff to take a voluntary dismissal is "absolute." Fears v. Lunsford, 314 So.2d 578, 579 (Fla.1975).”

Establishes the foundational rule that plaintiffs have an absolute right to voluntary dismissal

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Facts & Procedural History

Fitzgerald filed for dissolution of marriage in February 2000 and obtained a default judgment in March. His wife moved to set aside the judgment in Au…

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Opinion of the Court
ALTENBERND, Acting Chief Judge.

ALTENBERND, Acting Chief Judge.

Donald L. Fitzgerald seeks a writ of certiorari quashing the trial court’s order that refused to give effect to his notice of voluntary dismissal in this dissolution proceeding. Although we suspect this is a pyrrhic victory, we conclude that the trial court departed from the essential requirements of the law when it “denied” Mr. Fitzgerald’s notice of voluntary dismissal.

Mr. Fitzgerald filed a dissolution proceeding against his wife, Darlene M. Fitzgerald, in February 2000. He served her by publication and obtained a default and final judgment in March. Mrs. Fitzgerald filed a motion to set aside this final judgment in August, and the parties quickly stipulated to set aside the judgment. The stipulation included an agreement that “neither party shall trade, sell, dispose of, transfer, secrete or dissipate any asset currently in his [sic] name alone or jointly with any other person.” The stipulation recognized that Mrs. Fitzgerald planned to file a counterpetition.

In light of the stipulation, the trial court entered an order on August 29, 2000, setting aside the entire judgment. Two days later, Mr. Fitzgerald filed a notice of voluntary dismissal. Mrs. Fitzgerald immediately filed her own petition for dissolution of marriage. Mrs. Fitzgerald also filed an objection to the notice of voluntary dismissal on September 29. In November, the trial court “denied” Mr. Fitzgerald’s notice of voluntary dismissal and consolidated the two cases.

The supreme court has held that the right of a plaintiff to take a voluntary dismissal is “absolute.” Fears v. Lunsford, 314 So. 2d 578, 579 (Fla.1975). Subsequent case law suggests that the right may not exist in a dissolution proceeding if significant child custody issues are unresolved or if the dismissing party is committing a fraud on the court. See, e.g., Tobkin v. State, 777 So. 2d 1160, 1164 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001). There are no child custody issues in this case. Although Mr. Fitzgerald’s dismissal may be a matter of sharp practice, the trial court made no finding of fraud, and there is no basis in the record to find that the notice constituted a fraud on the court. Thus, the trial court had no authority to override the notice of voluntary dismissal. The trial court must accept Mr. Fitzgerald’s notice of voluntary dismissal.

We emphasize that this opinion does not determine what effect Mr. Fitzgerald’s stipulation concerning assets may have in the pending dissolution proceeding filed by Mrs. Fitzgerald. See, e.g., § 61.075(l)(i), (6), Fla. Stat. (2000). The record suggests that Mr. Fitzgerald may have executed a warranty deed transferring a home “as a single man” in September 2000, even though, by virtue of his own stipulation, he was then a married man with a wife possessing homestead rights. These are matters for the trial court to address in the pending dissolution proceeding, which was filed by Mrs. Fitzgerald in early September 2001.

Petition for writ of certiorari granted.

GREEN and SILBERMAN, JJ., Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Pino v. The Bank OF NEW York, 121 So. 3d 23 (Fla. 2013)
    …oluntary dismissal perpetrates a fraud on the court”); Romar Int’l, Inc. v. Jim Rathman Chevrolet/Cadillac, Inc., 420 So. 2d 346, 347 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982) (recognizing the fraud exception, but not applying it). . See, e.g., Fitzgerald v. Fitzgerald, 790 So. 2d 1216, 1217 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (concluding that the trial court was required to accept a notice of voluntary dismissal where "the trial court made no finding of fraud, and there is no basis in the record to find that the notice constituted a fraud on the…
  • …rt) to protect its integrity.” Id. at 1091 (emphasis added). Other courts have interpreted the fraud exception to apply where the notice of dismissal itself is considered an attempt to commit fraud on the court. See, e.g., Fitzgerald v. Fitzgerald, 790 So. 2d 1216, 1217 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (concluding that trial court was required to accept notice of voluntary dismissal where “the trial court made no finding of fraud, and there is no basis in the record to find that the notice constituted a fraud on the court”…
  • Carlton v. Zanazzi, 266 So. 3d 243 (Fla. 2d DCA 2019)

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