OSCAR BADGER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2001-11-07
No. 4D00-1795
SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ., concur.
798 So. 2d 890 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2001) Caution
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Oscar Badger was convicted of aggravated assault on a law enforcement officer, fleeing an officer, and felony driving with license suspended (DWLS). The Fourth District affirmed the assault and fleeing convictions but reversed the felony DWLS conviction because predicate convictions used for enhancement occurred before October 1, 1997, when the statute did not require proof of knowledge as an element of the offense.


Holding

The Court reversed the felony DWLS conviction because predicate convictions that did not include knowledge as an element cannot be counted as valid predicate convictions under the amended statute that requires knowledge. The statute by its plain wording applies only to convictions for the offense as prescribed by the present statute, and no provision was made for enhancement based on convictions under the prior statute.


Headnotes

[1] A conviction for felony driving with license suspended cannot be enhanced based on prior convictions for the same offense if those prior convictions occurred before the s…

[2] Prior convictions for driving with a suspended license, obtained under a statute that did not require proof of knowledge, cannot be used to enhance a subsequent offense u…

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Key Quotes

“At the time appellant received the prior convictions, the statute did not require proof of "knowledge" as an element of the offense, and thus, his prior convictions cannot be counted as "convictions" under the 1997 provisions of section 322.34(2).”

Establishes the core holding that prior convictions under the old statute without a knowledge element cannot serve as predicate convictions under the amended statute requiring knowledge.

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Facts & Procedural History

Badger was convicted under the 1998 version of Florida Statute section 322.34(2) for felony DWLS based on a third or subsequent conviction. The State …

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Opinion of the Court
KLEIN, J.

KLEIN, J.

We affirm appellant’s convictions for aggravated assault on a law enforcement officer and fleeing an officer, finding no error as to those convictions. We reverse his conviction of felony driving with license suspended (“DWLS”) based on Huss v. State, 771 So. 2d 591 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).

Appellant was convicted of felony DWLS based on the 1998 version of section 322.34(2), Florida Statutes, which provides in part: Any person whose driver’s license or driving privilege has been canceled, suspended, or revoked as provided by law, except persons defined in s. 322.264, who, knoiving of such cancellation, suspension, or revocation, drives any motor vehicle upon the highways of this state while such license or privilege is canceled, suspended, or revoked, upon:

(c) A third or subsequent conviction is guilty of a felony of the third degree .... (emphasis added).

The requirement of knowledge became effective October 1, 1997. Prior to that, knowledge was not required. § 322.34(1), Fla. Stat. (1995).

In the present case, as in Huss, the predicate convictions relied on by the State to enhance the offense to a felony occurred prior to October 1, 1997. The crimes on which those convictions were based, accordingly, did not include the element of knowledge.

As the first district explained in Huss:

At the time appellant received the prior convictions, the statute did not require proof of “knowledge” as an element of the offense, and thus, his prior convictions cannot be counted as “convictions” under the 1997 provisions of section 322.34(2). In short, the law under which appellant received his prior convictions is no longer in effect, and for purposes of enhancement under the new statute for multiple convictions, the statute by its plain wording applies only to a “conviction” for the offense prescribed by the present statute. Although the legislature might have done so, no provision was made in the 1997 law for enhancement based on convictions under the prior statute.

The state argues that the legislative intent of more harshly punishing repeat offenders would be defeated if a defendant’s convictions prior to October 1, 1997 were not considered, and that if the legislature intended to abandon its prior sentencing enhancement scheme, the legislature would have clearly stated that the enhancement would not apply to any convictions before the enactment of the statute. We find the state’s legislative intent argument particularly unpersuasive in light of section 322.34(1), Florida Statutes (1997 and Supp.1998), in which the legislature did in fact make the act of driving while license was canceled, suspended or revoked, without knowledge of such cancellation, suspension, or revocation, a moving violation, rather than an offense punishable by criminal penalties as under the 1997 law. (footnote omitted).

We agree with Huss, reverse the conviction of felony DWLS, and remand for entry of a conviction of misdemeanor DWLS. We affirm the remaining convictions.

SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Williams v. State, 865 So. 2d 5 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …FARMER, C.J. At defendant’s trial on felony driving while license suspended (DWLS) the state adduced evidence of two prior convictions of DWLS. One of the two convictions, however, in 1995 did not satisfy our decision in Badger v. State, 798 So. 2d 890 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001), because the statute then did not require the element of knowledge. The state argued that the trial judge could accept the DMV driving record as sufficient proof that defendant had another conviction in 1998. The trial court late…

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