PHILLIP BENJAMIN CURTIS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Curtis challenged the trial court's summary denial of his Rule 3.850 motion as untimely, arguing that the Florida Supreme Court's decision in State v. Miles retroactively rendered his blood-alcohol tests inadmissible and made his guilty plea involuntary. The First District Court of Appeal rejected his retroactivity argument and affirmed the denial of his motion.
The court held that Miles represents an evolutionary refinement in the law regarding the admissibility of blood-alcohol tests rather than a jurisprudential upheaval requiring retroactive treatment under the Witt standard, and therefore the two-year filing limitation for Rule 3.850 motions was not excused.
[1] A judicial decision that refines existing law regarding the admissibility of evidence does not constitute a jurisprudential upheaval requiring retroactive application to…
[2] Changes in the law that are mere evolutionary refinements, such as alterations in evidence admissibility, do not compel an abridgement of the finality of judgments for pu…
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“It is critical to distinguish the "jurisprudential upheavals" in the law that warrant retroactive application under Witt from those which, in contradistinction, are mere "evolutionary refinements."”
This establishes the key legal standard for determining whether a change in law warrants retroactive application to cases with final judgments.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCurtis pleaded nolo contendere on January 18, 1996, to DUI Manslaughter, two counts of DUI with serious bodily injury, and DUI causing property damage…
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POLSTON, J.
The appellant challenges an order of the trial court summarily denying as untimely his motion filed pursuant to Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.850. We reject the appellant’s argu ment that the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Miles, 775 So. 2d 950 (Fla.2000)1 created a change in the law that should be applied retroactively such that his motion, filed beyond the two-year limitation of Rule 3.850, should be considered timely. Accordingly, we affirm the summary denial.
Appellant’s 3.850 motion pertains to the January 18,1996 judgment entered against him, pursuant to his plea of nolo contende-re, adjudicating him guilty of one count of DUI Manslaughter, two counts of DUI with serious bodily injury, and one count of DUI causing property damage.2 The appellant argues that Miles retroactively renders his blood-alcohol tests inadmissible so that his plea was involuntary. His various claims are premised on the retroactive treatment of Miles, which we reject.
In Regan v. State, 787 So. 2d 265 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001) (holding that Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla.2000) should not be retroactively applied), we analyzed the exceptions to the two-year filing limitation in rule 3.850 and determined that the exceptions did not apply. As in Regan, the appellant does not argue, nor do we conclude, that the Miles decision is a newly discovered fact as that term is used in rule 3.850(b)(1), because the rule contemplates a fact in the sense of evidence, which tends to prove or disprove a material fact. Also, as in Regan, we conclude that the decision in Miles does not constitute a right of constitutional and fundamental significance under the analysis in Witt v. State, 387 So. 2d 922 (Fla.1980), that requires retroactive treatment. As stated in Regan:
It is critical to distinguish the “jurisprudential upheavals” in the law that warrant retroactive application under Witt from those which, in contradistinction, are mere “evolutionary refinements.” See Witt, 387 So. 2d at 929-930. Examples of these refinements would be changes in the area of evidence, admissibility, or alterations of procedural rules, or a call for proportionality review of capital cases. Id. The creation of these rights, or the removal of such rights which formerly existed, does “not compel an abridgement of the finality of judgments. To allow them that impact would ... destroy the stability of the law, render punishments uncertain and therefore ineffectual, and burden the judicial machinery of our state, fiscally and intellectually, beyond any tolerable limit.” Id. Retroactivity, then, must only be afforded to those changes in the law which perform a much more significant and fundamental function than merely fine-tuning existing law, even if the change of law is constitutional in nature.
Regan, 787 So. 2d at 267-68 (emphasis added).
The admissibility of blood-alcohol tests in Miles is an evolutionary refinement in the law rather than a jurisprudential upheaval that requires retroactive treatment under Witt. It is a “rare” case that meets the stringent criteria of Witt. Dixon v. State, 730 So. 2d 265, 267 (Fla.1999). This is not one of those rare cases. Because the appellant’s rule 3.850 motion is untimely, the trial court’s denial of the motion is affirmed
BARFIELD and VAN NORTWICK, JJ., concur. . The Court held that the State was not entitled to the presumptions of impairment associated with the implied consent statutory scheme because the applicable administrative rule did not have maintenance standards that ensured the integrity of blood test results.
. Appellant did not file a direct appeal. This court affirmed the trial court's denial of his previously filed 3.850 motion, and his petition for writ of habeas corpus was denied. See Curtis v. State, 737 So. 2d 1080 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999); Curtis v. State, 750 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).
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Wilson v. State, 812 So. 2d 452 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
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van Hubbard v. State, 815 So. 2d 733 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002)…PER CURIAM. AFFIRMED. See Curtis v. State, 805 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001). ALLEN, C.J., MINER and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.…
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Gilreath v. State, 842 So. 2d 189 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003)…be applied retroactively. See Wilson v. State, 812 So. 2d 452 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002). The case Gilreath relied upon, Miles, 775 So. 2d 950, espouses a mere evolutionary refinement in the law and is not to be applied retroactively. See Curtis v. State, 805 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001). Thus, Gilreath was not entitled to postconviction relief on the ground he presented. Affirmed. ALTENBERND, C.J., and STRINGER, J., Concur.…
Authorities Cited
- Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2000)
- Witt v. State, 387 So. 2d 922 (Fla. 1980)
- Dixon v. State, 730 So. 2d 265 (Fla. 1999)
- State v. Miles, 775 So. 2d 950 (Fla. 2000)
- Regan v. State, 787 So. 2d 265 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001)
- Kennegrue E. Brown v. State, 750 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)
- Alvey v. State, 750 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)