THEIRY GUERIN, APPELLANT,
v.
MARION DIROMA, APPELLEE
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The court held that an order requiring an obligor to secure child support with life insurance requires evidence of insurability, cost, and ability to pay, and that attorney's fees cannot be awarded based on a mutual understanding to defer the issue.
[1] A court may order an obligor to purchase or maintain a life insurance policy to secure child support only when the circumstances demonstrate a necessity for such protecti…
[2] An order requiring an obligor to secure child support through life insurance is reversible error if the record lacks evidence of the obligor's insurability, the cost of t…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant appealed a final judgment concerning support obligations, specifically challenging orders for life insurance and attorney's fees. The trial …
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ROBY, WILLIAM L„ Associate Judge.
Appellant Theirry Guerin timely appeals the Circuit Court’s order of final judgment determining various obligations. This court has jurisdiction pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.030(b)(1)(A). The trial court’s judgment is affirmed on all points on appeal except for those portions of its order which (1) require Appellant to secure his support obligation through life insurance and (2) find Appel-lee is entitled to her attorney’s fees below.
Upon review of the record, we agree with Appellant’s contention that insufficient evidence was presented regarding the father’s insurability or what the cost of life insurance would be. In Knight v. Knight, 746 So. 2d 1117, 1119 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999), this court held that it was error to order an obligor to maintain a life insurance policy to secure a child support award without having taken evidence of the existence of a policy or the cost thereof.
The trial court failed to make the requisite findings to justify ordering the father to secure life insurance. In Lopez v. Lopez, 780 So. 2d 164, 165 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001), the Second District held that the failure to include in a divorce record evidence of a husband’s insurability, cost of proposed insurance, and a husband’s ability to afford insurance warranted reversal of an order requiring the husband to purchase insurance to secure child support and an alimony obligation.
Section 61.13(l)(c), provides that a court may order an obligor to purchase or maintain a life insurance policy to the extent necessary to protect an award of child support, § 61.13(l)(e), Fla. Stat. (2001)(To the extent necessary to protect an award of child support, the court may order the obligor to purchase or maintain a life insurance policy or á bond, or to otherwise secure the child support award with any other assets which may be suitable for that purpose.”) [e.s.]. As the statute itself indicates, the circumstances must suggest a necessity for such protection, and therefore the trial court should make appropriate findings regarding the necessity for insurance protection. This insurance, when found necessary, is to that extent part of the child support obligation, and the child support provisions in Chapter 61 do not require a parent to support a child beyond the obligor’s ability to do so. See § 61.30, Fla. Stat. (2001), and Migliore v. Migliore, 792 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001) (calculation of child support must begin with guidelines, with variations, if any, based upon the statutory factors).
Hence the parent cannot be required to provide insurance protection beyond the parent’s ability to do so. For example the obligor’s health or finances may make the cost of such insurance prohibitively expensive.
Thus the trial court has discretion to order such protective insurance of a child support obligation only when the circumstances show a necessity for such protection and then only within the obligor’s ability to provide such security. See Moss v. Moss, 636 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994) (while trial court must consider financial needs of children when calculating child support, court has discretion to deviate from statutory guidelines after considering parent’s overall financial circumstances and impose obligation upon parent within his ability to pay). In this case, we note that the court found that the obligor’s net monthly income is $1,970.
The trial court did not make any finding, however, as to the necessity for insurance protection of the support obligation or the father’s ability to pay for a $100,000 insurance policy based on his personal circumstances. We therefore reverse the insurance protection requirement and remand for further proceedings on that issue consistent with this opinion.
We reverse as to the issue of attorney’s fees as well. The parties both took the position during trial that the issue of fees would be deferred to post-trial consideration. Appellant states that, in accordance with this mutual understanding, he did not offer his evidence and argument at trial as to the issue of fees. Appellee concedes in her brief that there was such an understanding but argues that it was appropriate for the judge to award such fees anyway because of the father’s tactics and as an equitable matter under Rosen v. Rosen, 696 So. 2d 697 (Fla.1997).
We reverse the determination of entitlement because of the parties’ trial understanding, and remand for a post-trial determination' of the entire issue. In effect the issue was determined without notice to the father that, in spite of the mutual understanding of the parties, it would actually be determined. We note this was a paternity case, not a dissolution of marriage proceeding. As a paternity case, the right to fees resides in section 742.045, not section 61.16.
Nevertheless, because section 742.045 is nearly identical to the text and function of section 61.16, Rosen applies to the consideration of fees under section 742.045.
Additionally, we see no basis for an award of section 57.105 fees. While the father’s conduct may have been unreasonable in some respects, and apparently vexatious, it did not qualify for fees under section 57.105.
REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.
WARNER and FARMER, JJ., concur.
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Citator
Cited By (15 total)
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Ross v. Hayley Lisa Botha, 867 So. 2d 567 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)…intain $100,000 of life insurance, the record does not reflect, and the court made no findings, that such insurance was available at a reasonable cost to the father or that he had the resources to pay for such insurance. See Guerin v. DiRoma, [*571] 819 So. 2d 968, 969 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). Likewise,, the order granting attorney’s fees is defective as it failed to specify the fees related to the contempt action, which fees are subject to. the prevailing party provision in the marital settlement agreement, and…
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Stephany M. Byers v. Byers, 910 So. 2d 336 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)…it. See Forgione v. Forgione, 845 Solid 968, 969-70 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)(stating that when ordering a spouse to maintain a life insurance policy, the court must consider the cost and financial impact on the paying spouse); see also Guerin v. DiRoma, 819 So. 2d 968, 969-70 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002)(reversing order where trial court failed to make the requisite findings to justify ordering husband to secure life insurance, where there was insufficient evidence presented regarding husband’s insurability or what the co…
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Layeni v. Kehinde A. Layeni, 843 So. 2d 295 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003)…61.13(l)(c), Fla. Stat. (1998). As the statute requires, the circumstances must suggest a necessity for such protection, and, thus, the trial court should make appropriate findings regarding the necessity for insurance protection. Guerin v. DiRoma, 819 So. 2d 968, 970 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). In the instant case, the trial court failed to make any findings necessary to justify requiring the former husband to maintain his pre-existing life insurance policy. In Sobelman v. Sobelman, 541 So. 2d 1153, 1154-55 (Fla.1…
Previewing 3 of 15 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Rosen v. Rosen, 696 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 1997)
- Lopez v. Lopez, 780 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
- Knight v. Knight, 746 So. 2d 1117 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Mann Lattimore v. BEN Stern Constr. Co., Inc., 636 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
- Moss v. Moss, 636 So. 2d 164 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
- Migliore v. Migliore, 792 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)