JEREMIAH TINDLE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Jeremiah Tindle was convicted of aggravated assault with a firearm against two alleged victims based on a single count. The Florida appellate court reversed and remanded for a new trial because the prosecutor's closing argument and jury instructions improperly allowed the jury to find Tindle guilty by proving he threatened one victim while the other victim feared for someone else's safety, which does not constitute the crime of aggravated assault.
The conviction must be reversed and remanded for a new trial. The jury instructions and prosecutor's closing argument improperly allowed a guilty verdict based on the defendant threatening one victim while the other victim feared for a third party's safety. Aggravated assault requires proof that the defendant's acts created a well-founded fear in the victim of the threat, not in a bystander. The charge against Williams must be dismissed, and a new trial held on the charge against Mixon.
[1] A prosecutor's closing argument misstating the law regarding the elements of assault constitutes reversible error.
[2] Jury instructions that allow a defendant to be convicted of aggravated assault based on a threat to one victim and fear in another victim are erroneous.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Lumping alleged victims together in a single count of aggravated assault and permitting the jury to return a verdict of 'guilty as charged' creates serious due process problems.”
Establishes the fundamental due process violation when multiple alleged victims are charged in a single count without proper jury instructions distinguishing between them.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceTindle was charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon against Charmaine Mixon and/or Corey Williams during a domestic violence incident. Whi…
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PALMER, J.
Jeremiah Tindle appeals his judgment and sentence which were entered by the trial court after a jury found him guilty of committing the crime of aggravated assault with a firearm.1 Given the State’s concession that the prosecutor’s closing argument and the trial court’s instructions to the jury were erroneous, we reverse and remand for a new trial.
Tindle was charged with one count of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. The information charged that he committed the unlawful act against Charmaine Mixon “and/or” Corey Williams. The incident which led to Tindle’s arrest arose out of a domestic violence incident. Specifically, the trial evidence established that while Charmaine Mixon and her stepfather, Corey Williams, were attempting to move furniture out of a home shared by Tindle and Mixon, Tindle threatened that he had a gun in his car and then left the house and retrieved the gun. Mixon testified that she was in fear when she saw the gun. Williams testified he had no fear about his own safety, but he was fearful about Mix-on’s safety.
During closing argument, the prosecutor argued that the statutory requirement of a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place did not require the State to prove that Williams feared for his own safety, but rather merely that he had a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place. Defense counsel objected to the prosecutor’s closing statement arguing that it was a misstatement of the law, but the court overruled the objection. Thereafter, the trial court instructed the jury that the three elements which define assault included that Tindle’s acts created, in the mind of Mixon and/or Williams, a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place.
Tindle was found guilty as charged and now challenges his conviction arguing that the prosecutor’s closing argument was improper and that the trial court’s jury instruction was erroneous. Although not cited by defense counsel, the State commendably (and consistent with its ethical obligation) has cited this court to the case of James v. State, 706 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) as being directly on point. We agree.
In James, the information charged a single count of aggravated assault with a firearm against either of two people. On appeal the defendant argued that fundamental error occurred when the trial court issued jury instructions which were framed so as to allow the jury to return a guilty verdict based on a finding that by threatening one person the defendant created fear in another:
Lumping alleged victims together in a single count of aggravated assault and permitting the jury to return a verdict of “guilty as charged” creates serious due process problems. As asserted by the defendant here, the jury, based upon the instructions given could have found the defendant guilty finding that the defendant threatened Barber and that Hickson (but not Barber) was frightened by the threat. However, such a scenario would not constitute the crime of aggravated assault. See § 784.011, Fla. Stat. (defining criminal assault as “an intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in such other person that such violence is imminent.”). It was reversible error for the court to deny the defendant’s motion to dismiss the amended information and fundamental error to instruct the jury in a way which would permit the jury to find that one alleged victim was threatened while the other had a well founded fear that violence was imminent.
Id. at 65.
Applying this case law to the instant facts, the evidence presented at trial would be sufficient to support a jury finding that Tindle committed an aggravated assault against Mixon but not Williams, since Mix-on testified that Tindle’s actions caused her to be afraid, but Williams testified he was only afraid for Mixon’s safety. Accordingly, Tindle’s judgment and sentence are vacated and the case is remanded to the trial court with instructions to dismiss the charge of aggravated assault against Tindle as to Williams, but hold a new trial on the charge of aggravated assault as to Mixon.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
THOMPSON, C.J., and PETERSON, J„ concur. . § 784.021(l)(a), Fla. Stat. (2000).
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Miller v. State, 918 So. 2d 415 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)…, the trial court’s instruction is still fundamentally erroneous. It permitted the jury to convict Ms. Miller of aggravated assault if one alleged [*417] victim was threatened while the other had a well-founded fear of violence. See Tindle v. State, 832 So. 2d 966 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002); James v. State, 706 So. 2d 64, 65 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998) (holding instruction was fundamental error when it permitted the jury to find that one alleged victim was threatened while the other had a well-founded fear that violence was…
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Fuller v. State, 942 So. 2d 1039 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)…aggravated assault[, see § 784.021, Fla. Stat. (2004),] if one alleged victim was threatened while the other [alleged victim] had a well-founded fear of violence.” Miller v. State, 918 So. 2d 415, 416-17 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); see also Tindle v. State, 832 So. 2d 966, 967 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002); James v. State, 706 So. 2d 64, 65 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998). We therefore reverse and remand for a new trial. Reversed and remanded. FULMER, C.J., and WHATLEY, J., Concur.…
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Bryant v. State, 30 So. 3d 591 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)…e names of both officers for each count were fundamentally erroneous because it improperly allowed jury to convict on both battery counts even if they found that only one of the officers was intentionally touched or struck by Love); Tindle v. State, 832 So. 2d 966, 968 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002) (determining the use of “and/or” in the jury instructions was fundamentally erroneous because the evidence presented at trial supported a finding that Tindle committed an aggravated assault against Mixon, not Williams, as Wi…
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- Henderson James v. State, 706 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)