MICHELE GERARDO PRONESTI, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 2003-06-27
No. 5D01-3734
PETERSON and PALMER, JJ„ concur.
847 So. 2d 1165 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2003) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Michele Gerardo Pronesti was convicted of deriving support from the proceeds of prostitution. On appeal, he challenged the admission of an undercover officer's testimony about statements made by a female employee at his establishment. The court affirmed, holding that the employee's statements constituted admissible 'verbal acts' rather than hearsay because they established the nature of the transaction.


Holding

The court held that the employee's statements were admissible 'verbal acts' rather than hearsay because they served to explain and characterize the nature of the transaction between the employee and the undercover officer, establishing the requisite offer of sexual services for money prohibited by the prostitution statute.


Headnotes

[1] Statements made by an employee that explain the nature of a transaction and give legal significance to accompanying conduct are admissible as verbal acts, not hearsay.

[2] For utterances to be admissible as verbal acts, the conduct to be characterized by the words must be independently material to the issue, the conduct must be equivocal, t…

Previewing 2 of 3 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“A verbal act is an utterance of an operative fact that gives rise to legal consequences. Verbal acts, also known as statement of legal consequence, are not hearsay, because the statement is admitted merely to show that it was actually made, not to prove the truth of what was asserted in it.”

Establishes the foundational definition and legal principle distinguishing verbal acts from hearsay

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

An undercover officer entered Pronesti's club, Hollywood Nights, where a female employee approached him, sat on his lap, and rubbed her buttocks on hi…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
THOMPSON, C.J.

THOMPSON, C.J.

Michele Gerardo Pronesti appeals his conviction for deriving support from the proceeds of prostitution, in violation of section 796.05(1), Florida Statutes. We affirm.

We write only to address Pronesti’s contention that the trial court erred in allowing an undercover officer to testify about what a female employee of Pronesti’s establishment told the officer. The undercover officer testified that he entered Pro-nesti’s club, Hollywood Nights, and sat at a table. A female employee approached the officer, sat on his lap, and rubbed her buttocks on him. She told the officer that the fun did not have to stop there and that there was a private room available. As directed by the employee, the officer gave Pronesti $50 and followed her into the private room. In the private room, the employee told the officer that the $50 he gave Pronesti would pay for oral sex, but that a tip would be nice.

Pronesti argues that the employee’s statements were inadmissible hearsay. We conclude that the state is correct in its contention that the employee’s statements constituted “verbal acts” rather than inadmissible hearsay because the statements established the nature of the offer the employee made to the undercover officer. A verbal act is an utterance of an operative fact that gives rise to legal consequences. Verbal acts, also known as statement of legal consequence, are not hearsay, because the statement is admitted merely to show that it was actually made, not to prove the truth of what was asserted in it. For utterances to be admissible as verbal acts, (1) the conduct to be characterized by the words must be independently material to the issue; (2) the conduct must be equivocal; (3) the words must aid in giving legal significance to the conduct; and (4) the words must accompany the conduct.

Banks v. State, 790 So. 2d 1094, 1097-98 (Fla.2001). In Banks, the supreme court held that the defendant’s statement, “I need a dime,” was-not offered for the truth of the matter asserted, but to show that the defendant was a participant in a drug transaction. Id. at 1098. On the other hand, a statement that the defendant was not a snitch was inadmissible hearsay because it did not serve to explain the nature of the act or transaction, but instead directly implicated the defendant in the transaction. Id.; compare Arguelles v. State, 842 So. 2d 939 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003) (holding that statements about the initial set up of the drug deal, about the money at the second meeting, and the need to show the cocaine to the defendant before the transaction was completed were all part of the transaction and thus verbal acts, rather than inadmissible hearsay, but statements that defendant was the middle man and that the money belonged to him were offered for the truth of the matter asserted and constituted hearsay).

In this case, the statements by the employee served to explain the transaction that occurred between her and the undercover officer, and were therefore admissi ble. Compare Banks; Arguelles. See also, e.g., State v. Connally, 79 Hawaii 123, 899 P. 2d 406 (Haw.App.1995) (statement that defendant would perform sex acts for money was “verbal act,” or “operative fact,” demonstrating that defendant made the requisite offer proscribed by the prostitution statute); Charles W. Ehrhardt, Florida Evidence § 801.6 n. 4 (2001 ed.).

AFFIRMED.

PETERSON and PALMER, JJ„ concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Burkey v. State, 922 So. 2d 1033 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)
    …0 ed.). The rejection of an offer, especially an offer to perform an illegal act, has clear legal consequences and is thus admissible to show that the statement was made, irrespective of the truth of any incidental assertion. See Pronesti v. State, 847 So. 2d 1165, 1166 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) (holding that statements by defendant’s employee to undercover police officer regarding sex for money were admissible as nonhearsay verbal acts); Kent v. State, 704 So. 2d 121, 125 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (holding that the defe…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw