EMMETT COX, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2003-08-13
No. 3D03-1863
Before COPE, GERSTEN and RAMIREZ, JJ.
855 So. 2d 142 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2003)

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Synopsis

Emmett Cox appeals the denial of his motion to correct an illegal sentence, contending he does not qualify as a habitual violent felony offender (HVO). The Florida Third District Court of Appeal affirms, holding that Cox's 1989 armed robbery conviction properly qualifies as a predicate offense for HVO sentencing under the 1996 habitual offender statute, regardless of his conditional release status.


Holding

The court holds that conditional release is neither a prison sentence nor an 'other commitment' under the habitual offender statute. The 1989 conviction properly qualifies as a predicate offense because the 1997 crimes were committed within five years of Cox's release from prison in 1995. Even if conditional release were deemed an 'other commitment,' the HVO sentence would still be valid because the statute permits habitualization when a new crime is committed while serving such a commitment.


Headnotes

[1] A prior conviction may serve as a predicate offense for habitual offender status if the current felony was committed within five years of the defendant's release from pri…

[2] Conditional release is not considered a prison sentence for the purposes of the habitual offender statute.

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Key Quotes

“Conditional release is not a prison sentence for purposes of the habitual offender statute. Further, it has been held that conditional release is not an 'other commitment' under the habitual offender statute.”

Establishes the core legal principle that conditional release does not prevent a prior conviction from serving as a predicate offense for HVO sentencing.

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Facts & Procedural History

Cox was convicted of armed robbery in 1989 and released from prison on conditional release in 1995. While on conditional release, he committed armed r…

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Opinion of the Court
COPE, J.

COPE, J.

Emmett Cox appeals an order denying his motion to correct illegal sentence. We affirm.

Defendant-appellant Cox contends that he does not qualify as a habitual violent felony offender (“HVO”). He is serving life sentences imposed as an HVO in Miami-Dade County circuit court case number 97-12328.

The defendant has previously raised this claim. However, this court’s previous af-firmance of the denial of relief on this point may have been based on the State’s defense of time bar. This court’s position on time bar in this context was later overturned by the Florida Supreme Court in Bover v. State, 797 So. 2d 1246, 1247 (Fla.2001).

We therefore proceed to the merits. We have taken judicial notice of this court’s file in Cox v. State, 796 So. 2d 67 (Fla. 3d DCA2001).

The defendant’s argument is that he does not have a proper predicate offense for habitualization. The predicate of1fense was armed robbery in Miami-Dade County circuit court case number 89-47604. The defendant was released from prison on conditional release. While on conditional release, he committed the 1997 offenses of armed robbery and attempted armed robbery.*

At sentencing for the 1997 crime, the 1989 conviction was used as the qualifying offense for habitualization as an HVO. The defendant contends that this was impermissible because at the time of the 1997 crime, the defendant was still on conditional release. He argues that it is impermissible to consider the 1989 conviction as a predicate offense, so long as he remained under supervision for that offense.

The 1996 version of the habitual offender statute was in force on the date of the defendant’s offense. It provided, in relevant part:

2. The felony for which the defendant is to be sentenced was committed:

a. While the defendant was serving a prison sentence or other commitment imposed as a result of a prior conviction for an enumerated felony; or b. Within 5 years of the date of the conviction of the last prior enumerated felony, or within 5 years of the defendant’s release from a prison sentence or other commitment imposed as a result of a prior conviction for an enumerated felony, whichever is later. § 775.084(l)(b)2., Fla. Stat. (Supp.1996).

Under this statute, the 1989 conviction was properly counted as a predicate offense. The defendant committed the 1997 crimes within five years from his release from prison in 1995. The fact that he was on conditional release at the time of the new offenses makes no difference. See Wright v. State, 834 So. 2d 879, 880 (Fla. 3d DCA2002).

The defendant argues, however, that conditional release should be viewed as a program under which the defendant is completing his sentence under supervision. See Evans v. Singletary, 737 So. 2d 505, 507 (Fla.1999). In substance the defendant appears to argue that conditional release should be viewed as being part of his prison sentence, or “another commitment” under the statute.

Conditional release is not a prison sentence for purposes of the habitual offender statute. Further, it has been held that conditional release is not an “other commitment” under the habitual offender statute. Johnson v. State, 765 So. 2d 914, 916 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). However, assuming for purposes of discussion that conditional release could be so viewed, the HVO sentence was still proper. That is so because under the 1996 statute, habitualization is permissible where the defendant commits a new crime while “serving a prison sentence or other commitment imposed as a result of a prior conviction for an enumerated felony ....” § 775.084(l)(b)2., Fla. Stat. (Supp.1996).

Under any analysis, the defendant qualifies as an HVO, and the motion to correct illegal sentence was properly denied.

Affirmed.

*

The crime date was April 16, 1997.


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