RJ & RK, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
KIMBERLY KEETON SPENCE, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF RONALD G. KEETON, APPELLEE
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In a mortgage foreclosure action, the trial court awarded attorney's fees to the mortgagee under a contractual provision in the promissory note, but the Florida appellate court reversed the fee award because the mortgagee's own conduct—ceasing to apply rental payments toward the mortgage obligation—caused the default and barred her right to accelerate the note, which also barred her entitlement to fees.
The mortgagee is not entitled to attorney's fees because her conduct in stopping payment applications caused the default and barred her right to accelerate the note and mortgage; the exception to mandatory enforcement of contractual fee provisions applies when the mortgagee's conduct bars acceleration and foreclosure.
[1] A contractual provision authorizing attorney's fees for enforcement of an obligation is generally enforceable.
[2] A mortgagee's conduct that bars acceleration and foreclosure of a mortgage may also warrant denial of attorney's fees.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the conduct of the mortgagee that resulted in the denial of her right to accelerate the note and mortgage also warranted the denial of fees”
States the court's core holding that mortgagee conduct barring acceleration also bars fee entitlement
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceRonald Keeton was the sole stockholder of KCI, which operated halfway houses on properties owned by RJ & RK. KCI paid monthly rent to RJ & RK, which w…
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ERVIN, J.
This is an appeal from a final judgment in a mortgage foreclosure suit in which the lower court awarded $95,000 in attorney’s fees to the mortgagee, Kimberly Keeton Spence, personal representative of the estate of Ronald G. Keeton, against RJ & RK, Inc., the mortgagor, pursuant to a contractual provision in the promissory note authorizing fees to the lender in any proceeding to enforce the obligation. We reverse the fee award, because the conduct of the mortgagee that resulted in the denial of her right to accelerate the note and mortgage also warranted the denial of fees.
Ronald Keeton was the sole stockholder of Keeton Correctional Institutions, Inc. (KCI), which operated halfway houses on properties owned by RJ & RK. KCI paid a monthly rental to RJ & RK for the use of the property in Duval County, Florida, for such purpose, and the parties agreed that the rents would be used to fund a note and mortgage taken out on the properties by RJ & RK.1 The note and mortgage were assigned to Keeton’s estate upon his death.2 After Spence, as personal representative, had directed a number of the rental payments to be paid by KCI on behalf of RJ & RK toward the mortgage obligation, Spence ceased making them once negotiations with RJ & RK to reduce the rent failed. The mortgage went into default and Spence, on behalf of the estate, commenced suit against RJ & RK to foreclose the mortgage. Recognizing the unique financial arrangement between the parties, the lower court denied Spence the right to accelerate the note and mortgage, because Spence was responsible for stopping payments on the note and mortgage. Nevertheless, the court awarded Spence $666,367.56, the remaining balance on the mortgage,3 directed that the mortgage be canceled, and declared Spence the prevailing party, thereby entitling her to an award of attorney’s fees.
Spence defends the fee determination, contending that she is the prevailing party because she prevailed on the significant issues before the court. See Moritz v. Hoyt Enters., 604 So. 2d 807 (Fla.1992). Under the circumstances present in this appeal, we consider that the “significant issues” theory is immaterial to Spence’s entitlement to fees. The contractual obligation under which Spence seeks fees does not condition such award on whether she prevailed, but permits the same simply as a means of enforcing or collecting the obligation. See, e.g., B & H Constr. & Supply Co. v. Dist. Bd. of Trustees of Tallahassee Cmty. Coll., Fla., 542 So. 2d 382, 387 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989).
It is true that Spence was successful in collecting damages under the note and mortgage; nevertheless, her triumph in such regard does not automatically entitle her to a fee award. Courts generally have no discretion to decline enforcement of a contractual provision authorizing an allowance of attorney’s fees. See Baker Protective Servs. v. FP, Inc., 659 So. 2d 1120 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995). A recognized exception to the rule, however, occurs in situations in which conduct on the part of the mortgagee bars acceleration and foreclosure of the mortgage. See Jobert-Ken-dall, Inc. v. Kendall Commercial Assoc., 491 So. 2d 1301 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Fed. Home Loan Mortgage Corp. v. Taylor, 318 So. 2d 203 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975). In the case at bar, it was the conduct of Spence, the mortgagee, by no longer applying rental payments toward the satisfaction of the mortgage obligation, which caused the note and mortgage to be defaulted — conduct that the court below correctly found disallowed Spence from her right to acceleration. Accordingly, the award of attorney’s fees is
REVERSED.
BARFIELD and ALLEN, JJ., CONCUR. . The monthly rental amounts were the same as the payments on the note and mortgage.
. This court affirmed the validity of the assignment in Parziale v. First Union National Bank of Florida, 837 So. 2d 970 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).
. In a separate judgment, the court found that RJ & RK was entitled to $784,634.45 in unpaid rents from KCI, from which the court offset the $666,367.56 awarded as damages in the instant foreclosure action, before the additional deduction of attorney’s fees and costs.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Keeton Corr., Inc. v. RJ & RK, Inc., 858 So. 2d 349 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003)…tenant held over in possession after the end of the lease and was therefore liable for double rent. Affirmed. DAVIS, J., CONCURS. KAHN, J., DISSENTS WITH OPINION. . This also resulted in a mortgage foreclosure action. See RJ & RK, Inc. v. Spence, 855 So. 2d 642 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003).…
Authorities Cited
- Moritz v. Hoyt Enters., Inc., 604 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 1992)
- B & H Constr. & Supply Co., Inc. v. The Dist. Bd. OF Trs. OF Tallahassee Cmty. Coll., 542 So. 2d 382 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989)
- Fed. Home Loan Mortg. Corp. v. George B. Taylor and wife, 318 So. 2d 203 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975)
- Baker Protective Servs. v. FP Inc. & Fid. & Deposit Co. of Md., 659 So. 2d 1120 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)
- Jobert-Kendall, Inc. v. Kendall Commercial Assocs., 491 So. 2d 1301 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986)