JEROME BAILEY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2004-07-07
No. 4D04-1085
WARNER, POLEN and GROSS, JJ„ concur.
877 So. 2d 836 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2004) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

Jerome Bailey appeals the denial of his motion to correct an illegal sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). The court affirmed that Bailey's habitual offender sentence on the attempted first degree murder count was legal, but reversed and remanded regarding the attempted robbery with a firearm count, finding the fifteen-year mandatory minimum was excessive.


Holding

The court held that Bailey's habitual offender sentence on the first count was legal because the state had discretion to charge the amended first degree felony, to which Bailey pled. However, the court held that the fifteen-year mandatory minimum on the attempted robbery with a firearm count (a second degree felony) was illegal, as the maximum mandatory minimum for such an offense is ten years.


Headnotes

[1] A prosecuting authority has the discretion to determine the level of offense to be charged.

[2] A defendant is bound by the offense to which they plead, even if it is a lesser included offense than originally charged.

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Key Quotes

“the prosecuting authority has the discretion to determine what level of offense is to be charged, and because the offense was amended to a first degree felony prior to entry of the plea, that was the offense to which Bailey pled.”

Establishes that the state had authority to amend the charge and Bailey's plea was to the amended offense

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Facts & Procedural History

Bailey was charged with attempted first degree murder with a firearm and attempted robbery with a firearm, both committed on March 18, 1995. Pursuant …

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Jerome Bailey appeals an order summarily denying his motion to correct illegal sentence, filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

The post-conviction motion concerns the first two of Bailey’s three counts, all committed on March 18, 1995. In those two counts, Bailey was charged with (I) attempted first degree murder with a firearm, a life felony, and (II) attempted robbery with a firearm.

Pursuant to plea negotiations, the state amended count I of the information to charge attempted first degree murder, a first degree felony, omitting the firearm specifically so that Bailey could receive an enhanced sentence for count I as a habitual felony offender. Bailey entered no contest pleas to the two counts. The plea colloquy established that Bailey understood that he could be habitualized. He was sentenced on each of these two counts to twenty-five years as a habitual violent felony offender with a fifteen-year mandatory minimum. A firearm mandatory minimum was imposed only with respect to the second count. In his motion, Bailey argued that the first count was reduced from a life felony to a first degree felony because he possessed a “handgun” instead of a “firearm”; however, because the two are synonymous as a matter of law, his first count was a life felony, which was not subject to habitualization at the time the offense was committed.

Accordingly, he asked that his habitual offender sentence be vacated in favor of a non-habitual sentence. Bailey is not entitled to this relief; the prosecuting authority has the discretion to determine what level of offense is to be charged, and because the offense was amended to a first degree felony prior to entry of the plea, that was the offense to which Bailey pled.

First degree murder is a capital felony, see § 782.04(l)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993); and the attempt to commit a capital felony is a first degree felony, see § 777.04(4)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). Without enhancing the offense, such as for use of a firearm, attempted first degree murder is not a life felony. See, e.g., Hall v. State, 855 So. 2d 116 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).1

On a separate point in his motion, Bailey asserted that he could not legally receive a fifteen-year mandatory minimum for the attempted robbery with a firearm, a second degree felony,2 but could receive at most a ten-year mandatory minimum. This claim is correct. See § 775.084(4)(b)2., Fla. Stat. (1993); Ruffin v. State, 835 So. 2d 272, 273 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002). We therefore reverse the trial court’s summary denial of the motion to this extent only, and remand either for correction of the mandatory minimum sentence in count II or for the attachment of portions of the record that refute this claim.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.

WARNER, POLEN and GROSS, JJ„ concur. . Bailey filed with this court a notice of supplemental authority citing Cook v. State, 866 So. 2d 1291 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004), in which this court reversed the denial of a rule 3.800(a) motion to correct illegal sentence, holding that Cook's habitual offender sentence for the life felony of attempted first degree murder (without mentioning a firearm) was illegal, because the offense was committed on May 4, 1997, at a time when Chapter 95-182, the legislation making a life felony subject to ha-bitualization, was unconstitutional pursuant to State v. Thompson, 750 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1999).

We take this opportunity to clarify the Cook opinion: although the opinion did not reflect it, the offense in that case in fact was the life felony of attempted first degree murder with a firearm.

. Robbery with a firearm is a first degree felony, see § 812.13(2)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993), and the attempt to commit a first degree felony is a second degree felony, see § 777.04(4)(c), Fla. Stat (1993).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Cuauhthemoz M. Gamez v. State, 944 So. 2d 1253 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)
    …obbery with a firearm is a second-degree felony punishable by a maximum of 15 years in prison. See §§ 812.13(2)(a), 777.04(4)0»), and 775.082(3)(c), Fla. Stat. (1989); see also Hamilton v. State, 890 So. 2d 1250 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005); Bailey v. State, 877 So. 2d 836 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004). In its order denying Mr. Gamez’s motion, the postconviction court relied on the judgment entered on June 28, 2005. This judgment described the offense for which Mr. Gamez was convicted on count two as armed robbery, a violation…
  • Hamilton v. State, 890 So. 2d 1250 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)
    …inal Procedure 3.800(a). The trial court erred in rejecting appellant’s claim that his sentence to 30 years in prison for attempted robbery with a firearm was ille [*1251] gal because that offense is a second degree felony. See e.g. Bailey v. State, 877 So. 2d 836 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004); Cadet v. State, 816 So. 2d 1202 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). Apparently the trial court had relied on a State response which had erroneously represented that the offense was a first degree felony. The State concedes in its response file…
  • Bailey v. State, 970 So. 2d 435 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007)
    …’s denial of appellant’s motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). The issue presented in the motion has already been decided adversely to the appellant on numerous occasions. See Bailey v. State, 877 So. 2d 836, 838 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004); Bailey v. State, No. 4D05-2602 (Fla. 4th DCA Aug. 11, 2005) (dismissing petition for writ of habeas corpus as legally insufficient); Bailey v. State, 933 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006) (Table). Because the denial of this is…

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