THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ROBERT D. DEL CASTILLO, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2004-12-22
No. 3D03-2422
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and LEVY, J., and DAUKSCH, JAMES C. JR., Senior Judge.
890 So. 2d 376 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2004) Positive Treatment
Cited by 21 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court's Third District resolved a conflict among lower courts regarding whether probation can constitute a prior conviction for habitual offender enhancement purposes. The court held that section 775.084(2) clearly permits probation to be treated as a prior conviction for sentencing enhancement, rejecting the Fourth District's contrary interpretation.


Holding

Probation may be considered a prior conviction for habitual offender enhancement purposes under section 775.084(2). The trial court erred in striking the State's notice of intent to seek habitual offender enhancement solely on the ground that the predicate crime involved probation rather than a traditional sentence.


Headnotes

[1] Probation or community control without an adjudication of guilt shall be treated as a prior conviction for the purposes of habitual offender enhancement.

[2] A prior felony conviction for which a defendant received probation may be considered for habitual offender enhancement.

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Key Quotes

“For the purposes of this section, the placing of a person on probation or community control without an adjudication of guilt shall be treated as a prior conviction.”

Section 775.084(2) explicitly permits probation to be treated as a prior conviction for habitualization purposes, forming the statutory basis for the court's decision.

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Facts & Procedural History

Del Castillo was charged with two counts of third-degree grand theft and two counts of uttering a forged instrument. The State filed a notice of inten…

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Opinion of the Court
LEVY, Judge.

LEVY, Judge.

The issue before the Court is whether the trial court properly struck the State’s notice of intent to seek habitual offender enhancement where defendant received probation and adjudication was withheld for the predicate crime on which the State relies to support the habitual felony offender enhancement.

Defendant was charged with two counts of third degree grand theft and two counts of uttering' a forged instrument. The State filed an amended notice of intent to seek an enhanced penalty, alleging that defendant qualified as both a habitual felony offender and as a habitual violent felony offender. Defendant moved to strike the habitual felony offender enhancement, arguing that his prior conviction should not be considered for purposes of the enhancement because he was placed on probation for the three prior charges. The trial court subsequently offered defendant a plea of offer of 364 days in county jail with credit for time served, followed by a reinstatement to probation. Defendant accepted the court’s offer. At defendant’s ple& colloquy, the. trial court granted defendant’s motion to strike the State’s notice to seek enhancement. The State objected to the plea, and pointed out that the defendant scored 97.8 months bottom of guidelines. The trial court then filed an Order justifying downward departure, explaining that defendant made full restitution to the victim -two months before he was arrested. The trial court noted defendant’s prior convictions, but struck the habitual offender enhancement on the grounds that the defendant’s priors could not be considered predicate crimes for habitual offender status because probation was not a sentence. The State appeals.

Section 775.084, Florida Statutes, sets forth the criteria to support a finding that a defendant is a habitual felony offender. § 775.084, Fla. Stat. (2002). Specifically, the chapter requires that before finding that a defendant is a habitual offender, the court must find, among other things, that the defendant has been convicted of any combination of two or more felonies in Florida; and that the felony was committed “[w]hile the defendant was serving a prison sentence or other sentence, or court-ordered or lawfully imposed supervision that is imposed as a result of a prior conviction for a felony or other qualified offense [.]” § 775.084(l)(a)2, Fla. Stat. (2003)(emphasis added). Additionally, Section 775.084(2), provides: “For the purposes of this section, the placing of a person on probation or community control without an adjudication of guilt shall be treated as a prior conviction.” § 775.084(2), Fla. Stat. (2003).

The issue of whether probation is a “conviction,” and constitutes a “sentence,” for habitual offender enhancement, has been the subject of controversy among some Florida districts; specifically, the Fourth and Second Districts. The Second District holds firm to its finding in McCall v. State, 862 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003) that a “sentence” under section 775.084 includes the sanction of probation and therefore, the State may rely on a case where the defendant was placed on probation to support a habitual offender status. McCall, 862 So. 2d at 808. On the other hand, the Fourth District, in Richardson v. State, 884 So. 2d 950 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003), rehearing granted 884 So. 2d 950 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004), held that a sentence and probation are distinct concepts. Richardson, 884 So. 2d 950, 951. Specifically, the Court referred to section 948.01(2), Florida Statutes, which provides that when a defendant is placed on probation the court is required to stay and withhold the imposition of the sentence. Id. The Fourth District reasoned that where defendant was convicted and, as a result of the conviction, the court found the defendant violated his probation, the sentence for the violation case and the case which forms the basis for the violation are entered on the same day and violate the sequential conviction requirement of section 775.084, Florida Statutes, which provides: “In order to be counted as a prior felony for purposes of sentencing under this section, the felony must have resulted in a conviction sentenced separately prior to the current offense and sentenced separately from any other felony conviction that is to be counted as a prior felony.” § 775.084(5), Fla. Stat. (2003); Richardson, 884 So. 2d 950, 951.

On rehearing, the Fourth District considered the interrelations of subsections two and five of section 775.084, Florida Statutes, and found that the subsections, when read together, are ambiguous but not inconsistent. Richardson v. State, 884 So. 2d 950, 953 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003). “Because the language of these subsections is indefinite and susceptible of differing constructions, the rule of lenity applies; the statute must be construed in the manner most favorable to the accused.” Id. Accordingly, the Court held that a crime for which the defendant receives probation may be considered for habitual offender enhancement.

This Court, in Render v. State, 742 So. 2d 503 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999), previously considered whether a prior grand theft conviction where the defendant was placed on probation and completed the probationary period at the time he committed the subsequent offense, could be considered for section 775.084 sentencing. At the time of Render, section 775.084(2) provided: “For the purposes of this section, the placing of a person on probation without an adjudication of guilt shall be treated as a prior conviction if the subsequent offense for which he is to be sentenced was committed during the probationary period.” § 775.084(2), Fla. Stat. (1995); Render, 742 So. 2d at 504. The Court found that because the defendant was adjudicated guilty, the prior conviction was properly treated as a predicate offense for habituali-zation. Render, 742 So. 2d at 504.

In the instant case, the trial court struck the State’s notice of intent to seek habitual offender enhancement where the defendant was placed on probation and adjudication was withheld, believing that it could not consider a predicate crime for which the defendant received probation under section 775.084. Clearly, section 775.084(2), governs the instant matter and the predicate crime may be considered for habitualization. We disagree with the Fourth District’s reading that sections 775.084(2) and 775.084(5) are inconsistent. Section two clearly intends to define, or extend, the term “prior conviction.” § 775.084(2), Fla. Stat. (2003). “One of the most fundamental tenets of statutory construction requires that we give statutory language its plain and ordinary meaning, unless the words are defined in the statute or by the clear intent of the legislature.” Green v. State, 604 So. 2d 471, 473 (Fla.1992).

In light of the foregoing, the trial court’s Order denying habitual offender consideration on the ground that the court could not consider a predicate crime for which defendant received probation is reversed. Accordingly, we reverse the Order and remand to the trial court to revisit, if so inclined, the issue of enhancement.

Reversed and remanded.


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Citator

Cited By (11 total)

  • State v. Erick Richardson, 915 So. 2d 86 (Fla. 2005)
    …have subsequently agreed with McCall and held that probation is a sentence for purposes of applying section 775.084(5). White v. State, 898 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005); Perry v. State, 892 So. 2d 1062 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004); State v. Del Castillo, 890 So. 2d 376 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004); Love v. State, 886 So. 2d 276 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004). .In view of the certified conflict, we resolve this issue. The question of whether the Fourth District should have reached the issue in the rule 3.850 motion without first deter…
  • Quincy Jefferson v. State, 927 So. 2d 1037 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)
    …equires that statutory language be given its plain and ordinary meaning unless words are defined therein. See Se. Fisheries Ass’n v. Dep’t of Natural Res., 453 So. 2d 1351 (Fla.1984); Green v. State, 604 So. 2d 471 (Fla.1992); State v. Del Castillo, 890 So. 2d 376 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004). If not defined in a statute, a court may refer to a dictionary to ascertain the plain and ordinary meaning that the legislature intended to ascribe to a term. See L.B. v. State, 700 So. 2d 370 (Fla.1997). Additionally, where the…
  • White v. State, 898 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005)
    …have determined that section 775.084, Florida Statutes, allows prior terms of probation or community control, where adjudication was withheld, to be applied to a subsequent conviction for ha-bitualization purposes. See, e.g., State v. Del Castillo, 890 So. 2d 376 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004) (noting that section 775.084(2) “clearly intends to define, or extend, the term ‘prior conviction’ ”); Love v. State, 886 So. 2d 276 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004) (noting the supreme court’s reasoning in State v. Barnes, 595 So. 2d 22 (Fla.…

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