JOHN ADELBERT HAZEN, PETITIONER,
v.
NATHAN MAYO, AS PRISON CUSTODIAN OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA, RESPONDENT
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John Hazen sought habeas corpus relief from his conviction for uttering a forged instrument, challenging the sufficiency of the information, his guilty plea, and denial of counsel. The Florida Supreme Court rejected all three contentions and upheld his lawful detention.
The Court held that the information was sufficient, that Hazen's misunderstanding of the technical legal definition of uttering a forged instrument does not invalidate his guilty plea, and that Hazen did not properly request court-appointed counsel, so no denial of due process occurred.
“The means adopted to produce the instrument are utterly immaterial in a charge of uttering a forged instrument. The offense consists in trying to defraud another by the use of a writing which the culprit knows to be a forgery, however created, whether by falsely making or altering it.”
Establishes that the information need not allege the detailed manner of forgery; the essential elements are the fraudulent intent and the use of a forged instrument.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceHazen stole a check made payable to Anderson, wrote Anderson's name on it, and attempted unsuccessfully to cash it at a bar. The bartender reported hi…
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ROBERTS, Justice.
The petitioner is imprisoned in the state prison on a charge and conviction of uttering a forged instrument. The judgment was entered after petitioner had admitted the facts forming the basis for the charge against him and had pleaded guilty to the charge. By a petition for the writ of habeas corpus, he contended that he was illegally detained because (1) the information filed against him is fatally defective, (2) he did not intend to plead guilty to the charge upon which he was convicted, and (3) the court failed to allow counsel when requested. The writ issued, the respondent filed a return thereto, and the cause is now before the court on the issues thereby made.
The information was not fatally defective. The petitioner was charged with uttering a forged bank check, knowing it to be forged, with the intent to injure the payee of the check. The check was set out in full in the information. The fact that the information did not allege, in detail, the manner in which the instrument was forged did not invalidate it. “The means adopted to produce the instrument are utterly immaterial in a charge of uttering a forged instrument. The offense consists in trying to defraud another by the use of a writing which the culprit knows to be a forgery, however created, whether by falsely making or altering it.” Harrell v. State, 1920, 79 Fla. 220, 83 So. 922, 923.
The endorsement of a check may be the subject of forgery. Smith v. State, Fla., 59 So. 2d 625, 34 A.L.R.2d 772. The petitioner admitted that he stole a check made payable to one Anderson, wrote Anderson’s name on the check, and tried unsuccessfully to get it cashed at a bar. When arrested upon information supplied by the bartender, the check was in petitioner’s possession. The petitioner says that he intended to plead guilty to “intent to create a forgery,” but that he was not guilty of “uttering a forgery” because his attempt to cash the check was unsuccessful. What the petitioner does not understand is that it is not essential to a charge of “uttering a forged instrument” that the utterer be successful in his attempt to defraud another. Generally “the mere offer of the false instrument with fraudulent intent constitutes an uttering or publishing, the essence of the offense being, as in the case of forgery, the fradulent intent regardless of its successful consummation; * * * ” 23 Am.Jur., Forgery, Sec. 5, page 677. There can be no doubt that the petitioner knew he was charged with forging Anderson’s name to the check and attempted to cash it. He knew he had violated the law by such illegal actions; and that he may not have known the technical legal name o'f his offense is not a sufficient basis for his release from custody in these proceedings.
Nor do we think the petitioner has shown that he was denied due process of law in the matter of his plea of guilty without benefit of counsel. He does not allege that he asked the court to supply him with counsel. He simply says that he “asked the court for an additional time period to obtain an attorney, but was advised that would cost money and in that manner forbid him to obtain counsel.” This allegation, without more, is clearly insufficient to show that petitioner was denied due process of law.
The return of the respondent is sufficient to show that the petitioner is lawfully detained, so the writ is quashed.
DREW, C. J., and THORNAL and O’CONNELL, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
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King v. State, 339 So. 2d 172 (Fla. 1976)…. As recognized by the Third District in its decision, ‘ * * * an uttering is proved as fully by an attempt to negotiate a forged instrument as it is proved by a completed negotiation. Harrell v. State, 79 Fla. 220, 83 So. 922 (1920); Hazen v. Mayo, 90 So. 2d 123 (Sup.Ct.Fla.1956).’ Nevertheless, the Third District held that merely because attempted uttering is not a separate crime from the offense of uttering itself, attempted uttering may be considered a separate offense for the purposes of F.S. 919.16.1.…
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Crusoe v. State, 183 So. 2d 600 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966)…uments were not cashed. He was charged with uttering and such offense is not dependent upon the actual passing of the forged instruments, the essence being the intent to defraud another regardless of successful consummation. Hazen v. Mayo, Fla.1956, 90 So. 2d 123; Clark v. State, Fla.App. 1959, 114 So. 2d 197, 80 A.L.R.2d 261. He does admit cashing the $25 check involved in case No. 91071, but makes no mention of the two checks involved in Case No. 92172. The allegation that he had “no recollection” of comm…
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King v. State, 317 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975)…. As recognized by the Third District in its decision, “ * * * an uttering is proved as fully by an attempt to negotiate a forged instrument as it is proved by a completed negotiation. Harrell v. State, 79 Fla. 220, 83 So. 922 (1920); Hazen v. Mayo, 90 So. 2d 123 (Sup.Ct.Fla.1956).” Nevertheless, the Third District held that merely because attempted uttering is not a separate crime from the offense of uttering itself, attempted uttering may be considered a separate offense for the purposes of F.S. 919.-16.1…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Hamilton Harrell v. State, 79 Fla. 220 (Fla. 1920)
- Smith v. State, 59 So. 2d 625 (Fla. 1952)