A. ALEXANDER JACOBY, M.D., APPELLANT,
v.
FLORIDA BOARD OF MEDICINE, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2005-12-29
No. 1D05-419
ALLEN and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.
917 So. 2d 358 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2005) Positive Treatment
Cited by 13 cases

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Synopsis

A physician denied a temporary medical license in Florida due to disciplinary action in New York challenged the constitutionality of the licensing rules. The court reversed the administrative decision denying standing, finding the applicant was substantially affected by the challenged rules and therefore had standing to pursue the challenge.


Holding

The court held that Dr. Jacoby meets both prongs of the 'substantially affected' test and therefore has standing to challenge the rules. He suffered a real and immediate injury in fact because his license application was denied and he may reapply in the future, making him subject to the licensing rules as a potential applicant. He is also within the zone of interest to be protected or regulated because the rules directly impact his ability to earn a livelihood as a physician in Florida.


Headnotes

[1] A person is substantially affected by a rule or agency statement if the rule or policy will result in a real and immediate injury in fact and the alleged interest is with…

[2] A real and immediate injury in fact exists when a rule has an impact on an individual's right to earn a living.

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Key Quotes

“Section 120.56, Florida Statutes (2004), allows any person who is substantially affected by a rule or agency statement to initiate a challenge. To establish standing under the 'substantially affected' test, a party must show (1) that the rule or policy will result in a real and immediate injury in fact, and (2) that the alleged interest is within the zone of interest to be protected or regulated.”

Establishes the legal standard for standing to challenge administrative rules

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Facts & Procedural History

Dr. Alexander Jacoby, a physician with a valid New York medical license, applied for a Temporary Certificate for Practice in Areas of Critical Need in…

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Opinion of the Court
THOMAS, J.

THOMAS, J.

Appellant seeks review of the finding of the Division of Administrative Hearings that he does not have standing to initiate a rule challenge. We reverse.

Appellant, a physician with a valid New York medical license, applied for a Temporary Certificate for Practice in Areas of Critical Need in 2003. Appellee Florida Board of Medicine (“Board”) denied the application because Appellant’s New York license had been disciplined for failure to pay student loans over an 18-year period. As a result, Appellant was placed on probation.

Appellant’s appeal of the Board’s denial of his application is currently pending before this court. Before appealing the denial of his license, Appellant challenged rales 64B8-8.001(1), (2), and (2)(b), Florida Administrative Code, relating to licensure restrictions and the Board’s non-rule policy of denying a license to anyone with a probationary license in another state. The Division of Administrative Hearings found that Appellant did not present sufficient facts to show that he had standing to initiate the rule challenge. Those findings are based on findings of fact which are subject to a competent, substantial evidence review, while findings that are interpretations of relevant law are subject to a de novo review. Fla. Bd. of Med. v. Fla. Acad. of Cosmetic Surgery, Inc., 808 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002). Section 120.56, Florida Statutes (2004), allows any person who is substantially affected by a rule or agency statement to initiate a challenge. To establish standing under the “substantially affected” test, a party must show (1) that the rule or policy will result in a real and immediate injury in fact, and (2) that the alleged interest is within the zone of interest to be protected or regulated. Fla. Bd. of Med., 808 So. 2d at 250.

We find that Appellant meets the immediate injury prong of the “substantially affected” test. We note that Appel-lee cites Florida Department of Offender Rehabilitation v. Jerry, 353 So. 2d 1230 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978), in support of its position that Appellant’s application is subject to speculation and conjecture, and therefore does not satisfy this prong. Ap-pellee argues that Appellant has already been denied a license and can only be injured again after reapplication. However, it is important to note that Jerry involved an individual who was not affected by the rule at the time suit was filed and was unlikely to be affected in the future. Here, Appellant has been adversely affected by the rule, as his license was denied, and he may apply again in the future. Thus, Appellant is subject to the licensing rules and policies of the state as a potential applicant, and he has already suffered an immediate impact because of those rules and policies. Fla. Med. Ass’n, Inc. v. Dep’t of Prof'l Reg., 426 So. 2d 1112 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983) (finding a real and immediate injury in fact where the rule has an impact on one’s right to earn a living). Therefore, Appellant does meet the immediate injury prong.

Appellant also meets the second prong of the “substantially affected” test, as he is within the zone of interest to be protected or regulated. As noted by this court, if an individual is affected by licensing rules because that individual works in the area that is regulated, the “substantially affected” requirement is satisfied. Prof'l Firefighters of Fla., Inc. v. Dep’t of Health and Rehab. Serv., 396 So. 2d 1194, 1195 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). Although Firefighters involved individuals who were currently employed as firefighters challenging a change in licensure requirements, this court took into account the impact on the firefighters’ ability to earn a livelihood. Id. at 1196. Such is the case here, where the rules impact Appellant’s ability to work in Florida.

We find, therefore, that Appellant meets both prongs of the “substantially affected” test and, accordingly, does have standing to assert the rule challenge. Therefore, we REVERSE and REMAND this case to the Division of Administrative Hearings to proceed with Appellant’s rule challenge.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

ALLEN and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …ubstantially affected” test, a party must show: (1) that the rule or policy will result in a real or immediate injury in fact; and (2) that the alleged interest is within the zone of interest to be protected or regulated. Jacoby v. Fla. Bd. of Med., 917 So. 2d 358, 360 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005). To satisfy the sufficiently real and immediate injury in fact element, an injury must not be based on pure speculation or conjecture. Lanoue v. Fla. Dept. of Law Enforcement, 751 So. 2d 94, 97 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). As state…
  • Goodwin v. Fla. Dep't OF Child. & Families & Donna Ansley, 194 So. 3d 1042 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016)
    …ed DCF to limit her PRA deduction. A. .We review interpretations and conclusions of law de novo and findings of fact underlying agency action for competent, substantial evidence. . See § 120.68(7)(b), Fla. Stat. (2003); Jacoby v. Fla. Bd. of Med., 917 So. 2d 358, 359 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005). Because this, appeal involves DCF’s interpretation of a Medicaid provision susceptible to more than one reading, we are mindful of our responsibili ty to “give great deference to ‘an agency’s interpretation of a statute tha…
  • K.M. v. Fla. Dep't OF Health, 237 So. 3d 1084 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017)
    …he administrative law judge as to the weight of the evidence on any disputed finding of fact." § 120.68(10), Fla. Stat. (2015). However, "findings that are interpretations of relevant law are subject to a de novo review." Jacoby v. Fla. Bd. of Med., 917 So. 2d 358, 359 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005) (citing Fla. Bd. of Med. v. Fla. Acad. of Cosmetic Surgery, Inc., 808 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002) ); accord Office of Ins. Regulation & Fin. Servs. Comm'n v. Secure Enters., LLC, 124 So. 3d 332, 336 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013) ("…

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