BENJAMIN COTTRELL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2006-06-07
No. 4D04-3568
STONE and FARMER, JJ., concur.
930 So. 2d 827 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

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Holding

The trial court erred in denying a challenge for cause to a prospective juror who indicated that the defendant's failure to present evidence would affect her judgment.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by denying a challenge for cause to a prospective juror who expresses doubt about the fairness of a defendant not presenting evidence.

[2] A prospective juror's statement that it is unfair to only hear one side of a case, and that the defendant's failure to present a case would affect their judgment, creates…

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Facts & Procedural History

During voir dire, a prospective juror stated it was unfair to only hear one side and that the defendant's silence would affect her judgment. Defense c…

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Opinion of the Court
MAY, J.

MAY, J.

Voir dire — the method of ensuring a defendant’s constitutional right to trial by an impartial jury — creates the issue in this appeal. The defendant appeals his conviction and sentence for robbery. He argues the trial court erred in denying his challenge for cause to a prospective juror. We agree and reverse.

The Information alleged the defendant knowingly took merchandise away from two store employees with the use of force. During voir dire, defense counsel questioned a prospective juror concerning the defendant’s right to remain silent.

DEFENSE COUNSEL: Now, the Judge had already said [the defendant] and I could sit here and not do a thing. The State could put on all of their evidence, have all of their witnesses come in and testify, we don’t have to do anything. Do you think that’s fair?

PROSPECTIVE JUROR: No, I don’t think its fair. DEFENSE COUNSEL: Why?

PROSPECTIVE JUROR: You have to say something. It should be both.

DEFENSE COUNSEL: Okay. So, lets say we just do that. That’s what we do, we just sit there. How’s that going to effect [sic] your judgment if selected as a juror?

PROSPECTIVE JUROR: Well, it will effect [sic] my judgment because I[sic] only hearing on one side not on both sides.

Defense counsel moved to strike the prospective juror for cause. The trial court denied the motion.

THE COURT: “Okay. Well, I — she did not say she couldn’t follow the instruction. She didn’t say she’d hold it against you [defense counsel]. She said she’d only hear one side and she wouldn’t think that would be fair cause people like to hear two sides of every story. And, if they’re only presented with one, most people say well, that’s not fair if I only hear one side of the story and I think that’s what she was talking about not whether or not she would follow that instruction. She didn’t in anyway indicate she wouldn’t follow the instruction. And, that’s the reason I didn’t make a note on her during the voir dire. I made a note on every other cause challenge that you all — that either one of you have.

Defense counsel requested an additional peremptory challenge, which the court denied. Counsel exhausted his peremptory challenges and then identified the juror that would have been stricken had the additional peremptory challenge been allowed. The jury found the defendant guilty. The trial court sentenced him to a five-year term of imprisonment.

The defendant argues the trial court abused its discretion when it failed to strike the prospective juror for cause. He suggests the prospective juror’s responses during voir dire created “reasonable doubt” as to the juror’s ability to render an impartial verdict. The State argues the trial court did not abuse its discretion because the prospective juror never said she could not follow the instructions and did not indicate she would hold it against the defendant if he did not present a defense.

“It is,within a trial court’s province to determine whether a challenge for cause is proper, and the trial court’s determination of juror competency will not be overturned absent manifest error.” Fernandez v. State, 730 So. 2d 277, 281 (Fla. 1999). Notwithstanding the trial court’s discretion, manifest error occurs when a court retains “a juror who has stated that he would require a defendant to present some evidence of innocence.” Williams v. State, 755 So. 2d 714, 716 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999).

This court addressed the same issue in Kramer v. State, 747 So. 2d 1046 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000), a case involving similar facts. There, defense counsel asked a prospective juror “if it would be sufficient for him to put on no evidence and to just argue that the state had not proved its case, or would he need more?” Id. at 1047. The prospective juror indicated he would want more. Defense counsel requested the juror be stricken for cause. The court denied the request.' Defense counsel exercised one of his peremptory challenges, exhausted his remaining challenges, and properly preserved the issue. This court reiterated, “that it is ‘manifest error’ to retain a juror who believes that a defendant should have to present some evidence of innocence, even where the juror has been ‘rehabilitated.’” Id. at 1047 (citing Williams).

Here, the prospective juror indicated that it wasn’t fair for only the State to have to produce evidence and that she thought the defendant’s failure to put on a case would affect her judgment. This is the same expression of misunderstanding the burden of proof in a criminal trial found unacceptable in Kramer and Williams. The trial court must excuse a prospective juror for cause if there is any reasonable doubt that the juror possesses the requisite impartial state of mind. Singer v. State, 109 So. 2d 7, 23-24 (Fla.1959). And, “close cases should be resolved in favor of excusing the juror rather than leaving doubt.” Huber v. State, 669 So. 2d 1079, 1081 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). The defendant does not have an obligation to rehabilitate a juror who admits some form of bias. See Bryant v. State, 601 So. 2d 529 (Fla.1992). We therefore reverse the defendant’s conviction and remand the case for a new trial.

Reversed and Remanded.

STONE and FARMER, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Carratelli v. State, 961 So. 2d 312 (Fla. 2007)
    …l.” Singer, 109 So. 2d at 23-24; see also Ault v. State, 866 So. 2d 674, 683 (Fla.2003) (same). Courts have held that ambiguities or uncertainties about a juror’s impartiality should be resolved in favor of excusing the juror. See Cottrell v. State, 930 So. 2d 827, 829 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006) (quoting Huber v. State, 669 So. 2d 1079, 1081 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (“This court has held that it is error not to grant a challenge for cause when there is a basis for any reasonable doubt as to the juror’s ability to render…
  • Sweeting v. State, 46 So. 3d 1217 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010)
    …derstanding of the burden of proof, and thought the defendant should testify, challenge for cause should have been granted). The state did not attempt to rehabilitate these jurors, and the defendant had no obligation to do so. See Cottrell v. State, 930 So. 2d 827, 829 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006) (trial court must excuse a prospective juror for cause if there is any reasonable doubt as to the juror’s impartiality and that the defendant does not have the obligation to rehabilitate a juror who admits some form of bias)…

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