JOHN NEGRON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2006-10-11
No. 4D04-4838
FARMER and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.
938 So. 2d 650 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2006) Caution
Cited by 9 cases

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Holding

The trial court erred in instructing the jury on aggravated assault as a lesser included offense of aggravated battery because the information did not allege the necessary elements for aggravated assault.


Headnotes

[1] Aggravated assault is not a necessarily lesser included offense of aggravated battery, and can only be considered an included offense if the information charges the eleme…

[2] A conviction may be reversed where the charging information fails to allege an essential element of the crime, including a lesser included offense.

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Facts & Procedural History

Following a dispute at a bar, the defendant allegedly drove his truck at the victim. The defendant was charged with aggravated battery, but the trial …

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Opinion of the Court
SHAHOOD, J.

SHAHOOD, J.

Appellant, John Negron, was charged by information with aggravated battery. He appeals his conviction and sentence on the lesser included offense of aggravated assault. It was alleged that he drove a motor vehicle at and struck the victim, Marvin Manning (Manning). We reverse and remand for a new trial based on the following.

On the night of the incident leading to the charges against appellant, there was a pool tournament at a local bar in which both appellant and Manning participated. After being paired up in the tournament, Manning claimed to have seen appellant cheating. Manning confronted appellant but appellant denied doing anything wrong. As Manning was walking away from appellant, appellant hit him over the shoulder with a pool stick. Manning turned toward appellant but others in the bar intervened, preventing any further confrontation in the bar. After being asked to leave, Manning exited the bar to the back alleyway to his car. Appellant exited through the front of the bar to his car. A witness, Debra Collins, knew both the appellant and Manning. She heard them arguing and also left toward the back alleyway to her car. While in the alleyway, she talked with Manning for a couple of minutes and then saw appellant driving his truck down the alleyway. She stood in front of appellant’s truck and begged him not to do whatever he was going to do. Believing he was leaving, she got into her own car to leave. As she was driving away, she heard tires squeal and saw appellant come out of the alleyway doing about fifty miles an hour and almost “t-boned” her car. Back in the alleyway, a patron from the bar saw that Manning was injured and helped him into the bar. When the police arrived, Manning told them that his injuries were caused by appellant, who ran him over. After the State and defense rested, the court asked appellant if he wanted any lesser included offenses presented to the jury and he stated that he wanted guilty or not guilty only with no lesser included offenses presented to the jury. The State requested the lesser included offense of aggravated assault and the defense counsel objected on appellant’s behalf. The court instructed the jury on aggravated battery and the lesser included offense of aggravated assault.

Decisions regarding jury instructions are within the sound discretion of the trial judge and will be affirmed absent prejudicial error. See generally Ryder TRS, Inc. v. Hirsch, 900 So. 2d 608 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005). A jury may convict, based on the indictment or information, any attempt or lesser offense of the named offense under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.510.

An aggravated battery arises when a person who in committing a “battery” either “[ijntentionally or knowingly causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement; or ... [u]ses a deadly weapon.” § 784.045(l)(a), Fla. Stat. A “battery” occurs when a person “[a]etually and intentionally touches or strikes another person against the will of the other; or ... [ijntentionally causes bodily harm to another person.” § 784.03(l)(a), Fla. Stat. An aggravated assault is an “assault” with a deadly weapon without intent to kill or with an intent to commit a felony. § 784.021, Fla. Stat. An “assault” is “an intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in such other person that such violence is imminent.” § 784.011(1), Fla. Stat. An aggravated assault has different elements than an aggravated battery. See Stokes v. State, 773 So. 2d 1239 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). In order for aggravated assault to be a lesser included offense of aggravated battery, the information must charge the elements of both and there must be facts necessary to support both. Wilburn v. State, 840 So. 2d 384 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003), receded from on other grounds, Chambers v. State, 880 So. 2d 696 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004); see also Lawrence v. State, 685 So. 2d 1356, 1357 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996) (noting that to sustain a conviction of a category two lesser included offense, the information must allege each element of that crime).

As held in Stokes:

“Aggravated assault is not a necessarily lesser included offense of aggravated battery and it can be considered an included offense only, if at all, where the information charges the elements of both and the facts necessary to support both.” Salas v. State, 591 So. 2d 257, 258 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); see Moody v. State, 597 So. 2d 839 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992).

773 So. 2d at 1240.

In this case, the information did not allege the necessary elements to support a lesser included instruction for aggravated assault. The information did not allege that the defendant placed Manning in fear by a threat to do violence, coupled with the apparent ability to do so.

Here, the information charged appellant only with aggravated battery. The reversal of a conviction is warranted where the information fails to allege an essential element of a crime. See, e.g., Velasquez v. State, 654 So. 2d 1227 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995) (applying the general rule to convictions on lesser included offenses of aggravated assault where the information alleged only the elements of murder and not a wellfounded fear); Range v. State, 834 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003) (conviction of assault reversed where court found that defendant was charged with battery and assault is not a lesser included offense of battery).

Based on the foregoing, we hold the trial court erred in instructing the jury on aggravated assault. We accordingly reverse and remand for a new trial. On remand, the State may file a new or amended information charging appellant with aggravated assault if it so elects. See K.H. v. State, 763 So. 2d 1187, 1188 n. 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). Because we are reversing for a new trial we decline to address all other issues raised by appellant.

Reversed and Remanded for New Trial.

FARMER and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • McCLELLION v. State, 186 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016)
    …rt error that cannot be raised for the first time in a postconviction proceeding. Any error in instructing the jury as to this lesser offense could have been objected to at' trial and raised on direct appeal if necessary. See, e.g., Negron v. State, 938 So. 2d 650 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006). The alleged error in instructing the jury as to this lesser offense is not an error that can be raised at any time and does not provide any basis for untimely postconviction relief. See Nesbitt v. State, 889 So. 2d 801, 803 (Fla…
  • Carswell v. State, 23 So. 3d 195 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)
    …inquiry, however. A new trial may be required if the trial court erred in instructing the jury on an uncharged, alternate theory of aggravated battery. See, e.g., Sanders v. State, 959 So. 2d 1232, 1234 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007); see also Negron v. State, 938 So. 2d 650, 652 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006); K.H. v. State, 763 So. 2d 1187, 1188 n. 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). Yet, Sanders, Negron, and K.H. all resulted from the defendant appealing a conviction and arguing the error in the jury instructions leading to a conviction. In…
  • State v. Davis, 147 So. 3d 7 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013)
    …3)). In the instant petition, the state has met this heavy burden. While we recognize that “[d]eci-sions regarding jury instructions are within the sound discretion of the trial judge and will be affirmed absent prejudicial error,” Negron v. State, 938 So. 2d 650, 651 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006), trial judges are nevertheless constrained by the dictates of Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.390(a), which unambiguously provides that “[e]xcept in capital cases, the judge shall not instruct the jury on the sentence t…

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