C.G., A JUVENILE, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2006-11-08
No. 3D06-1183
Before GREEN and SHEPHERD, JJ., and SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge.
941 So. 2d 503 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

C.G., a juvenile, appealed his adjudication of delinquency for marijuana possession, challenging the legality of a school search. The Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District, reversed, holding that the assistant principal lacked reasonable suspicion to search C.G.'s person and belongings based solely on his fainting and appearing pale and subdued.


Holding

The court held that the assistant principal's search was illegal because she lacked reasonable grounds to suspect that a search would reveal evidence of criminal activity or school rule violations. The student's symptoms were entirely consistent with non-criminal behavior such as illness and did not provide reasonable suspicion to justify the search.


Headnotes

[1] A school official's search of a student requires reasonable grounds to suspect that the search will reveal evidence of a violation of law or school rules.

[2] A student's dizziness, paleness, and quiet demeanor, without more, do not establish reasonable suspicion for a school search.

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Key Quotes

“reasonable grounds to suspect that a search will result in evidence that the student has violated the law or school rules”

Establishes the Fourth Amendment standard for school searches, requiring reasonable suspicion before intrusion

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Facts & Procedural History

C.G., a student at Redland Middle School, lost consciousness in the bathroom and reported feeling unwell to the assistant principal. The assistant pri…

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Opinion of the Court
GREEN, J.

GREEN, J.

C.G. appeals his adjudication of delinquency for the possession of marijuana. He argues, among other things, that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the evidence seized from his belongings during a school search. We agree and reverse.

The sum total of the evidence adduced at the trial below revealed that C.G., a student at Redland Middle School, became dizzy while at school and lost consciousness in the bathroom. When he regained consciousness, C.G. located the school’s monitor and told the monitor that he was not feeling well. The monitor escorted C.G. to the Assistant Principal’s office. C.G. told Ms. Margaret Fahringer, the Assistant Principal, that he had passed out in the bathroom. Ms. Fahringer testified that C.G. appeared “a little quiet and subdued” and seemed “a little pale,” but she didn’t notice anything else about him at that time. Without more, she summarily ordered C.G. to empty his pockets and book bag. When C.G. emptied his pockets, Ms. Fahringer spotted some pieces of paper and a little plastic baggie filled with green material. Ms. Fahringer testified that she believed this material to be marijuana and summoned the police. Officer Mario Rivera responded to the school and was given the baggie and its contents. The officer field tested a sample of the baggie’s contents; it tested positive for marijuana. The officer arrested C.G.

The State filed a petition for delinquency against C.G. charging him with possession of marijuana. C.G. filed a motion to suppress the physical evidence and statements on the grounds that the school official lacked reasonable suspicion of criminal activity to justify conducting a search of his person and belongings. The motion to suppress was heard during the bench trial of the adjudicatory proceeding. Upon the conclusion of the trial, the trial court denied the motion and adjudicated C.G. delinquent as charged.

On this appeal, C.G. argues that the Assistant Principal’s demand for him to empty his bag and pockets constituted an illegal search in the absence of reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. We agree and conclude that the motion to suppress should have been granted.

The search of a student by a school official under ordinary circumstances is subject to the Fourth Amendment and therefore requires that the school official have “reasonable grounds to suspect that a search will result in evidence that the student has violated the law or school rules.” New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325, 341-47, 105 S.Ct. 733, 83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985). Accordingly, the State is obligated to elicit specific and articulable facts that, when taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant the intrusion. See A.H. v. State, 846 So. 2d 1215, 1216 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003); A.N.H. v. State, 832 So. 2d 170, 171 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002).

In the case before us, there were no facts elicited that, when combined with rational inferences therefrom, would have given the school official reasonable grounds to conclude that C.G. had violated either the law, or the school’s rules. The search in this case was premised entirely upon C.G.’s passing out in the bathroom and his appearance being “a little quiet and subdued” and “a little pale” to a school official. We have held that facts such as these, without more, are entirely consistent with non-criminal behavior such as illness. See A.N.H. v. State, 832 So. 2d at 172 (school official had no reasonable suspicion to search student who had bloodshot eyes and was not himself); see also A.H. v. State, 846 So. 2d 1215 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003)(no reasonable basis for search of student whose speech was slurred and was “not acting right”).

We therefore must reverse the adjudication of delinquency and remand with instructions to discharge C.G. Given our holding it is unnecessary to address C.G.’s remaining point on appeal.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.


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Citator

Cited By

  • D.G. v. State, 961 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007)
    …,” the assistant principal of his middle school ordered him, first from his classroom to her office, and then to empty his pockets. Over the contention that the order, which was undoubtedly equivalent to a fourth amendment search, see C.G. v. State, 941 So. 2d 503 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006); Evans v. State, 546 So. 2d 1125 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989), was constitutionally improper, we affirm. The parameters of the inquiry are all clearly established. First, there is no question of the assistant principal’s plenary authority,…
  • R.B. v. State, 975 So. 2d 546 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008)
    …ment of probable cause. Id. (citing New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325, 333, 105 S.Ct. 733, 83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985)); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); Baptiste v. State, 959 So. 2d 815 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007); C.G. v. State, 941 So. 2d 503 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006). The question of reasonable or founded suspicion is viewed from the standpoint of a reasonable officer with this [*548] officer’s training and experience. See Cross v. State, 432 So. 2d 780, 782 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). He may take in…
  • C.A. v. State, 977 So. 2d 684 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008)
    …83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985). A “reasonable suspicion” requires proof that the school officials have “specific and articulable facts that, when taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant the intrusion.” C.G. v. State, 941 So. 2d 503, 504 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006). Although a “hunch” or an “intuition” may in some instances disclose wrongdoing, these more ephemeral precursors to questioning are insufficient as a matter of law. In this case, the teacher’s concern regarding the student i…

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