RODGER K. JONES, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 2006-12-22
No. 5D06-250
THOMPSON and LAWSON, JJ., concur.
944 So. 2d 533 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 7 cases

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Synopsis

Rodger Jones was convicted of lewd and lascivious molestation after a second trial (the first ending in a mistrial). The Florida Fifth District Court of Appeal reversed the conviction, finding two critical errors: the trial court's failure to require the state to narrow an impermissibly vague time frame for the alleged crimes, and the trial court's failure to prevent more serious uncharged collateral crimes from becoming the focal point of the trial.


Holding

The trial court erred in both respects. First, under Dell'Orfano v. State, the state must demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that it exhausted all reasonable means to narrow the time frame; here, the state failed to do so, as the prosecutor never asked the victim for specific dates at the first trial. Second, the trial court erred in permitting the collateral crime evidence to become the focal point of the trial, particularly where the uncharged crimes (involving penetration and oral sex) were more serious than the charged crimes (touching over and under clothing).


Headnotes

[1] Under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(n), when a defendant moves for a statement of particulars, the trial court must order the state to specify the dates of all…

[2] Where the victim's testimony regarding the dates of alleged crimes is vague and the prosecutor fails to question the victim about specific dates despite having the opport…

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Key Quotes

“In Dell'Orfano v. State, 616 So.2d 33, 35 (Fla.1993), our supreme court held a trial court, upon proper motion, was required to dismiss an information involving a lengthy period of time if the state could not show clearly and convincingly that it had exhausted all reasonable means of narrowing the time frame further.”

Establishes the legal standard for when an indictment or information with a lengthy time period must be dismissed.

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Facts & Procedural History

Jones was charged with two counts of molestation of a 12-16 year old victim (M.J.) occurring between May 1, 2001 and November 22, 2004 in Orange Count…

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Opinion of the Court
EVANDER, J.

EVANDER, J.

Appellant was charged in Orange County, Florida, with two counts of lewd and lascivious molestation of a “victim 12 years of age or older but less than 16 years of age”1 (hereinafter referred to as “M.J.”). In Count I, it was alleged that between May 1, 2001 and November 22, 2004, appellant touched M.J. on her breasts or the clothing over her breasts in a lewd or lascivious manner. In Count II, it was alleged appellant touched M.J. in her genital area or the clothing over her genital area in a lewd and lascivious manner during the same time frame.

Appellant’s first trial ended in a hung jury. He was convicted on both counts after the second trial. We reverse.

Shortly prior to the first trial, the state filed a Notice of Intention to Use Similar Fact Evidence. In its notice, the state indicated its intent to present evidence that between August 1, 2002 and November 22, 2004, appellant committed several other sexual acts on M.J. in Seminole County, Florida. Specifically, the state indicated its intent to present evidence that appellant digitally penetrated M.J.’s vagina with his finger(s), had her touch his penis with her hand, and had her perform fellatio on him. Appellant had not been charged with any of these crimes in Seminole County. Appellant’s objection to the use of this collateral crime evidence was overruled at both trials.

M.J. was sixteen years old at the time of both trials. The first trial took place just prior to the commencement of her eleventh grade school year. The second trial took place approximately two and one-half months later. At the first trial, M.J. testified the improper sexual acts committed by appellant occurred either at her residence in Orange County, or during bike rides in Seminole County. With regard to the Orange County incidents, M.J. testified appellant had touched her breasts and genital areas over her clothing “a few times.” Significantly, other than testifying that the first incident occurred in the summer of 2001, M.J. never stated (nor was she asked by the prosecutor) the dates on which these touchings occurred.

Prior to the commencement of the second trial, appellant filed a Motion for Statement of Particulars. The trial court granted the motion and the state filed an amended information setting forth a narrower range of dates — from June 1, 2002— November 22, 2004. The state’s amended information reduced the time range from approximately three and one-half years to approximately two and one-half years. Appellant then filed a motion to dismiss, alleging the state had failed to comply with Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(n)2 in responding to its Motion for Statement of Particulars. Specifically, appellant contended the state had failed to specify, as definitely as possible, the dates on which the alleged crimes had occurred.

We find the trial court erroneously denied appellant’s motion to dismiss.

In Dell'Orfano v. State, 616 So. 2d 33, 35 (Fla.1993), our supreme court held a trial court, upon proper motion, was required to dismiss an information involving a lengthy period of time if the state could not show clearly and convincingly that it had exhausted all reasonable means of narrowing the time frame further. The state’s argument that it made all reasonable efforts to narrow its thirty month time frame is not supported by the record.

At the hearing on the motion to dismiss, the state contended the victim was unable to be more specific with regard to the dates of the Orange County incidents — as reflected in her testimony at the first trial. However, as previously noted, other than establishing the approximate date of the first incident, the prosecutor did not even ask the victim the dates on which the other alleged improper touchings at the Orange County residence occurred. The state presented no other evidence to show “clearly and convincingly” that it had exhausted all reasonable means of narrowing the time frame further. Therefore, the trial court should have granted the motion to dismiss with leave for the state to further amend its information upon exhausting all reasonable means of narrowing the time frame further. State v. O’Brien, 636 So. 2d 92 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). As a result of the trial court’s failure to grant the motion to dismiss, appellant was faced with the unique situation that the amended information alleged he committed the charged crimes between June 1, 2002 and November 22, 2004, although the only date given by M.J. at the first trial with regard to the Orange County incidents was the summer of 2001.

The trial court’s error was further compounded by the fact, as acknowledged by the state at oral argument, that appellant is still subject to a new prosecution for improper touchings alleged to have occurred prior to June 1, 2002. Dell'Orfano, 616 So. 2d at 36 n. 8. The potential for a new prosecution exists notwithstanding the fact that at the second trial, on direct examination, M.J. testified the improper touchings in Orange County started in the summer of 2001 and lasted “about a year.” (On redirect examination, M.J. expanded the time frame for the Orange County incidents through the summer of 2004.)

Reversal is also required because the trial court failed to prevent the collateral crime evidence from becoming the feature of the trial. See McLean v. State, 934 So. 2d 1248, 1262 (Fla.2006);3 Ashley v. State, 265 So. 2d 685, 693 (Fla.1972). Indeed, the record reflects the prosecutor devoted more time on the collateral crime evidence than on the charged crimes both in examining the alleged victim and in closing argument. The need to prevent collateral crime evidence from becoming the focal point of a trial is particularly great where, as here, the alleged collateral crime evidence relates to criminal acts which are more serious offenses than the crimes for which the defendant is on trial.

The record suggests a strong likelihood appellant was significantly prejudiced by the evidence of the alleged Seminole County crimes becoming the feature of his trial. M.J.’s testimony regarding the dates of the alleged improper touchings in Orange County, as previously discussed, was vague and inconsistent. She also had difficulty in remembering the number of improper touchings which occurred in Orange County. Furthermore, at the first trial, M.J. testified appellant’s improper touchings in Orange County had been over the clothing only. At the second trial, M.J. testified the Orange County incidents involved touching both over and beneath the clothing. By contrast, M.J.’s testimony regarding the uncharged Seminole County incidents was far more detailed and specific. Evidence that a defendant committed a collateral crime is inherently prejudicial because it creates the risk that a conviction will be based on the defendant’s bad character or propensity to commit crimes, rather than on proof he committed the charged offense. McLean, 934 So. 2d at 1255. To minimize that risk, the state may not make the collateral crimes a feature of the trial. Ashley, 265 So. 2d at 693.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

THOMPSON and LAWSON, JJ., concur. . § 800.04(5)(c)(2), Fla. Stat. . Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure

3.140(n) provides:

The court, on motion, shall order the prosecuting attorney to furnish a statement of particulars when the indictment or infor mation on which the defendant is to be tried fails to inform the defendant of the particulars of the offense sufficiently to enable the defendant to prepare a defense. The statement of particulars shall specify as definitely as possible, the place, date, and all other material facts of the crime charged that are specifically requested and are known to the prosecuting attorney.... Reasonable doubts concerning the construction of this rule shall be resolved in favor of the defendant.

. The McLean decision was rendered subsequent to the conclusion of appellant's second trial. Should this case be retried, decisions regarding the admissibility of collateral crime evidence are to be consistent with the dictates of McLean.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Seavey v. State, 8 So. 3d 1175 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)
    …s evidence during opening and closing arguments, when considered in conjunction with the prejudicial nature of the collateral crimes evidence, leads to the conclusion that the evidence impermissibly became a feature of the trial. Cf. Jones v. State, 944 So. 2d 533, 535-36 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006); Morrow v. State, 931 So. 2d 1021, 1022 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006); Ballard v. State, 899 So. 2d 1186, 1187 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005). Accordingly, we reverse and remand for a new trial. Reversed and remanded. VILLANTI and WALLACE, J…
  • Corson v. State, 9 So. 3d 765 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)
    …ion 90.404(2)(a)). We must guard . against the “ ‘risk that a conviction will be based on the defendant’s bad character or propensity to commit crimes, rather than on proof he committed the charged offense.’ ” Id. at 1175-76 (quoting Jones v. State, 944 So. 2d 533, 536 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)). In contrast, in McLean, 934 So. 2d at 1253, a lewd molestation case, the trial court found that admission of all the collateral crimes evidence would be unduly prejudicial. Id. at 1263. The supreme court concluded that th…
  • Elias v. State, 308 So. 3d 1127 (Fla. 5th DCA 2020)
    …itted a collateral crime is inherently prejudicial because it creates the risk that a conviction will be based on the defendant's bad character or propensity to commit crimes, rather than on proof he committed the charged offense.” 9 Jones v. State, 944 So. 2d 533, 536 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006). The trial court found that the detective’s reference was so brief and ambiguous that it did not warrant granting a mistrial. Furthermore, the trial court instructed the detective not to mention any uncharged images; the d…

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