RICHARD MCDUFFIE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 2006-12-29
No. 2D06-2996
SALCINES and VILLANTI, JJ., Concur.
946 So. 2d 99 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 11 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

A forty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder with a firearm is illegal because the use of a firearm reclassifies the offense as a life felony, which has a statutory maximum of forty years. The defendant may be resentenced within the statutory maximum only with the state's agreement, or allowed to withdraw his plea.


Headnotes

[1] A sentence exceeding the statutory maximum for a life felony, even when imposed pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement, is illegal.

[2] Second-degree murder with a firearm is reclassified as a life felony under Florida law.

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Facts & Procedural History

Richard McDuffie pleaded no contest to second-degree murder with a firearm and was sentenced to forty-five years. He filed a motion to correct an ille…

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Opinion of the Court
WHATLEY, Judge.

WHATLEY, Judge.

Richard McDuffie appeals the summary denial of his motion to correct illegal sentence filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). We reverse the postconviction court’s summary denial of McDuffie’s claim that his forty-five-year prison sentence for second-degree murder with a firearm was illegal and remand for further proceedings.

On January 11, 1995, in circuit court case 93-887, McDuffie pleaded no contest pursuant to a stipulated upward departure negotiated plea agreement to the lesser offense of second-degree murder with a firearm, a violation of sections 782.04(2) and 775.087, Florida Statutes (1991). On May 11, 1995, the trial court sentenced McDuffie to forty-five years’ prison. This court affirmed the judgment and sentence. See McDuffie v. State, 681 So. 2d 285 (Fla. 2d DCA1996) (table decision).

In considering the rule 3.800(a) claim, the postconviction court found that McDuffie pleaded no contest to second-degree murder, a violation of. section 782.04, Florida Statutes (1991), a felony of the first-degree punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life or as provided in section 775.082.

Therefore, the postconviction court found that McDuffie’s sole reliance on section 775.082 was misplaced as section 782.04 specifically provided that second-degree murder is punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life. However, McDuffie pleaded nolo conten-dere to second-degree murder with a firearm, a violation of sections 782.04(2) and 775.087, Florida Statutes (1991).

Pursuant to section 782.04(2), second-degree murder is “a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life or as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.088, or s. 775.084.” Section 775.087, Florida Statutes (1991), states:

(1) Unless otherwise provided by law, whenever a person is charged with a felony, except a felony in which the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element, and during the commission of such felony the defendant carries, displays, uses, threatens, or attempts to use any weapon or firearm, or during the commission of such felony the defendant commits an aggravated battery, the felony for which the person is charged shall be reclassified as follows:
(a) In the case of a felony of the first degree, to a life felony.

Therefore, McDuffie’s second-degree murder conviction required reclassification to a life felony due to McDuffie’s use of a firearm.

Section 775.082(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1991), states that a person who has been convicted of a life felony committed on or after October 1, 1983, may be punished by “a term of imprisonment for life or by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 40 years.” Therefore, McDuffie’s forty-five-year prison sentence exceeds the forty-year statutory maximum under section 775.082(3)(a). “A trial court cannot impose an illegal sentence even pursuant to a plea bargain.” Ferguson v. State, 804 So. 2d 411, 412 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001).

Consequently, McDuffie’s forty-five-year prison sentence is illegal and must be reversed. See Ramos v. State, 931 So. 2d 1023 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (holding that fifty-year sentence for life felony was illegal where section 775.082(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1989), proscribed punishment by life imprisonment or for a term not exceeding forty years); Miranda v. State, 832 So. 2d 937, 941 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002) (holding that “for a 1993 crime date, the offense of second-degree murder with a weapon is classified as a life felony” with a maximum penalty of “life imprisonment or a term of years not exceeding forty” and, therefore, the fifty-year-prison sentence exceeds the legal maximum); Ferguson, 804 So. 2d at 412 (reversing forty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder, a first-degree felony that became a life felony due to the possession of a firearm, which could be punished by a term not exceeding forty years); Wright v. State, 600 So. 2d 11, 12 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992) (reversing sixty-year sentences for two first-degree felonies that became life felonies due to the possession of a firearm, which could be punished by a term not exceeding forty years).

McDuffie’s forty-five-year prison sentence for second-degree murder with a firearm is illegal. See Ferguson, 804 So. 2d at 412. However, McDuffie’s forty-five-year prison sentence was the result of a stipulated upward departure pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement. Therefore, McDuffie may be resentenced within the statutory maximum of forty years only with the State’s agreement. See Lang v. State, 931 So. 2d 922, 922 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). If the State does not agree to such a sentence, McDuffie must be allowed to withdraw his plea. See id.

The court notes that the trial court also failed to impose the three-year mandatory minimum pursuant to section 775.087(2)(a)(l) when McDuffie was originally sentenced. Whether such a mandatory minimum is required to be imposed on remand is contingent on how the State elects to proceed. Therefore, on remand, the postconviction court shall impose any applicable mandatory minimum pursuant to section 775.087.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.

SALCINES and VILLANTI, JJ., Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Franke v. State, 997 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008)
    …CA 1993) (“When the trial court opts for a term of years instead of a life sentence [for a life felony], it may not impose a sentence longer than forty years.”). Moreover, not even a plea agreement can support an illegal sentence. McDuffie v. State, 946 So. 2d 99, 100 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006). Because the postconviction court erred in denying this claim, we reverse for the court to resentence Franke for the count of attempted first-degree murder with a firearm; the sentence may not exceed forty years. Franke alle…
  • Parks v. State, 223 So. 3d 380 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017)
    …nces because when they were added to her terms of imprisonment, her sentences exceeded the statutory maximum). Parks correctly noted that a sentence may be illegal even if a defendant agreed to it as part of a negotiated plea. See McDuffie v. State, 946 So. 2d 99, 100 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006) (“A trial court cannot impose an illegal sentence even pursuant to a plea bargain.” (quoting Ferguson v. State, 804 So. 2d 411, 412 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001))). Citing Dominguez v. State, 98 So. 3d 198, 200 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012), and…
    1 / 2
  • Armstrong v. State, 145 So. 3d 952 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014)
    …n imposed pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement. Therefore, if the postconviction court finds that his sentences are illegal, he may be resentenced within the statutory maximum for each count only with the State’s agreement. See McDuffie v. State, 946 So. 2d 99, 100 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); Lang v. State, 931 So. 2d 922, 922 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). If the State does not agree to such sentences, Mr. Armstrong must be allowed to withdraw his plea. See McDuffie, 946 So. 2d at 100; Lang, 931 So. 2d at 922. Affirmed i…

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