BESSIE CARDELLA-NAVARRO, APPELLANT,
v.
RALPH LAZARO NAVARRO, APPELLEE
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In this dissolution of marriage case, the Florida Third District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's award of home sale proceeds to the husband and his creditor GE, and reversed the assignment of significant business liabilities to the wife, finding both decisions violated Florida statutes governing equitable distribution.
The trial court exceeded its discretion by awarding setoffs and credits for the marital home sale without compliance with section 61.077, Florida Statutes, and the award of home sale proceeds to the husband and GE was improper. Additionally, assigning the wife business liabilities incurred by the husband's business that she did not contribute to and for which she has no privity of contract with the creditor violates section 61.075, Florida Statutes.
[1] A party is not entitled to credits or setoffs upon the sale of the marital home unless a settlement agreement, final judgment of dissolution of marriage, or final judgmen…
[2] A trial court must consider statutory factors when determining credits or setoffs upon the sale of a marital home in the absence of a settlement agreement.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A party is not entitled to any credits or setoffs upon the sale of the marital home unless the parties' settlement agreement, final judgment of dissolution of marriage, or final judgment equitably distributing assets or debts specifically provides that certain credits or setoffs are allowed or given at the time of the sale.”
Establishes the statutory requirement for credits or setoffs under section 61.077, which the trial court failed to follow.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceBessie and Ralph Navarro were married for approximately 4.5 years (December 2000 to May 2005) with no children together. The wife was a homemaker with…
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RAMIREZ, J.
Bessie Cardella-Navarro appeals the trial court's award of assets and liabilities in the Amended Final Judgment for Dissolution of Marriage and Amended Motion for Determination of Amount of Funds to be Released to former husband. We hold that the trial court exceeded its discretion in determining setoffs or credits upon the sale of the marital home and directing the proceeds of that sale to the former husband and GE Commercial Distribution Finance Corporation because it is inconsistent with section 61.077, Florida Statutes (2008). We further hold that assigning the wife the business liabilities incurred by the husband’s primary business is also inconsistent with section 61.075, Florida Statutes. Accordingly, we reverse in part and affirm in part.
The wife, Bessie Cardella-Navarro and the husband, Ralph Lazaro Navarro, were married on December 24, 2000.
On May 3, 2005, ten months after their separation, the wife filed a petition for dissolution of marriage. The marriage produced no children, but the wife has three children from a prior marriage. Throughout the marriage, the wife fulfilled the traditional roles of mother and housewife and was not employed, but occasionally assisted the husband by working in his yacht brokerage business. The husband, who has a current bi-weekly income of $1,500, provided the wife and her three children with a very comfortable lifestyle, consistently living above their means and incurring significant debt.
In September 2001, the parties purchased a home on Lugo Avenue in Coral Gables, Florida, for $1.9 million. This home became the marital residence.
On September 22, 2006, the trial court entered a Final Judgment for Dissolution of Marriage awarding the husband the business, along with the business debt. In an Amended Final Judgment issued on February 23, 2007, the trial court ordered the sale or partition of the Lugo Avenue property and awarded the wife the expected proceeds from that sale as her equitable distribution.
During the marriage, the husband owned and/or created several business entities. The husband’s primary business interest is in Florida Yachts International (“FYI”) d/b/a South Florida Yachts-South, Inc., a yacht brokerage business first established in 1997, three years prior to the marriage. FYI is a Florida S Corporation and the husband is its only stockholder. In 2003, the husband’s companies entered into an agreement for wholesale financing with GE. The husband is also a guarantor of his companies’ financial obligations under the agreement.
On April 5, 2006, twenty-one months after the separation, the husband and his companies were notified of a payment default for failure to make payment of $5,862,203.31 when due on March 31, 2006. FYI also owes the State of Florida $211,478.82 for past-due sales taxes, interest and penalties for the period of January 2004 through February 2006.
During post judgment proceedings, GE became a party in this action after the trial court granted its motion to intervene on July 12, 2007. GE alleged that the proceeds of the sale of the Lugo property were collateral under the terms of the Financing Agreement and that GE main tained a superior security interest in the proceeds of the sale.
On October 22, 2007, the trial court issued an order granting an Amended Motion for Determination of Amount of Funds to be Released to Former Husband.
The trial court determined that the husband was entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the payments he had made on the Lugo property during the separation and divorce proceedings.
Consequently, the trial court ordered all of the remaining proceeds of the Lugo property sale ($314,896.65), to be released to the husband and further directed these funds be paid to GE.
The standard of review for a trial court’s apportioning assets and liabilities to the parties in a Florida dissolution of marriage proceeding is abuse of discretion. See Canakaris v. Canakaris, 382 So. 2d 1197 (Fla.1980). “A party is not entitled to any credits or setoffs upon the sale of the marital home unless the parties’ settlement agreement, final judgment of dissolution of marriage, or final judgment equitably distributing assets or debts specifically provides that certain credits or setoffs are allowed or given at the time of the sale.” § 61.077, Fla. Stat. (2008). See also Holitzner v. Holitzner, 920 So. 2d 827, 828 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006).
Here, there was no settlement agreement on credits or setoffs. In such a situation, section 61.077 allows the court to consider certain factors in determining the issue of credits or setoffs. The Amended Final Judgment does not reflect that the trial court evaluated any of the factors in section 61.077. The husband argues that the trial court’s order was justified under the eighth factor of section 61.077, which provides, “Any other factor necessary to bring about equity and justice between the parties.” We decline to read into the Amended Final Judgment such a finding and conclude that the trial court’s decision concerning the Lugo property was not within the contemplation of the statute.
Consequently, we direct the trial court to award the proceeds of the sale of the Lugo property to the wife.
More problematic was the trial court’s decision to award one-half of FYI’s business debt to the wife, amounting to approximately $4,694,000. This Court has held that the “equitable distribution of marital assets is presumptively equal, but may be varied if there is good reason to do so.” Lozano-Ciccia v. Lozano, 599 So. 2d 718, 719 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992).
Here, the record reflects that the husband controlled FYI, that the wife was not involved in the business, and that most of the business debt arose after the parties separated. The Second District Court of Appeal held in Yates v. Yates, 577 So. 2d 719 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), that when “determining the equitable distribution of marital assets and liabilities, an element to be considered is the contribution of each spouse to the incurring of liabilities.” Id. at 720.
See also § 61.075(l)(g), Fla. Stat. (2008).
Here, the trial court found that the husband mishandled the corporate finances. As a result, it would be inequitable for one party, having little or no income, to leave a short-term marriage with the responsibility for paying over $4.5 million of business debt, the benefit of which inured almost exclusively to the other party.
Furthermore, because only the husband personally guaranteed the business loan, there was no privity of contract between the wife and the creditor.
Consequently, as a result of the distribution of marital liabilities, the trial court effectively bestowed personal liability on the wife for business debt she would otherwise not be personally liable for.
In sum, the trial court exceeded its discretion in determining setoffs or credits upon the sale of the Lugo property and directing the proceeds of that sale to the former husband and GE. In addition, the assignment to the wife of the business liabilities FYI incurred is inconsistent with section 61.075. We decline to address the remaining points on appeal, as we find them to be meritless.
Affirmed in part, and reversed in part.
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Swergold v. Swergold, 82 So. 3d 1148 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012)…responsible for the mortgage, insurance and taxes. “The standard of review for a trial court’s apportioning assets and liabilities to the parties in a Florida dissolution of marriage proceeding is abuse of discretion.” Cardella-Navarro v. Navarro, 992 So. 2d 856, 858 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). Section 61.077, Florida Statutes (2008), provides: A party is not entitled to any credits or setoffs upon the sale of the marital home unless the parties’ settlement agreement, final judgment of dissolution of marriage, or…
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Cardella-Navarro v. Navarro, 21 So. 3d 906 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009)…band’s 16% interest in Victoria Bay Estates, LLC, a limited liability company formed for development of real estate. Neither party had complained about these two pieces of property in the prior appeal in this court. See Cardellar-Navarro v. Navarro, 992 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). With regard to the Pinecrest property, the text of the final judgment stated that the court awarded the property to the wife and that she would be “responsible for the mortgage, insurance and tax payments or expenses commencing…1 / 2
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Dorsey v. Dorsey, 266 So. 3d 1282 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019)…rida Statutes. Where one spouse incurred a business debt, and the other spouse was not actively involved in the business, distribution of that debt to the managing spouse is within the trial court’s discretion. See Cardella-Navarro v. Navarro, 992 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). Former Wife’s cross-appeal of two parts of the equitable distribution scheme also lacks merit. The trial court’s equal distribution of the parties’ income tax liabilities through the year 2015 comports with the presumption…
Authorities Cited
- Canakaris v. Canakaris, 382 So. 2d 1197 (Fla. 1980)
- Lozano-Ciccia v. Lozano, 599 So. 2d 718 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)
- Yates v. Yates, 577 So. 2d 719 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991)
- Masters v. State, 920 So. 2d 827 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)
- Holitzner v. Holitzner, 920 So. 2d 827 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)