RICHARD ROAD ESTATES, LLC, PETITIONER,
v.
MIAMI-DADE COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, RESPONDENT

Fla. 3d DCA | 2009-02-25
No. 3D08-1400
Before WELLS and SHEPHERD, JJ., and SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge.
2 So. 3d 1117 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2009) Positive Treatment
Cited by 1 case

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Holding

A zoning authority cannot deny a property owner's requested zoning change based on a policy unrelated to appropriate zoning principles, such as using the property as an uncompensated storm sewer for the neighborhood.


Headnotes

[1] A zoning designation that is inconsistent with the surrounding properties and the prevailing land use constitutes "reverse spot zoning" and cannot be sustained.

[2] A zoning authority cannot justify a restriction on private property use based on a policy unrelated to appropriate zoning principles, such as requiring a property to serv…

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Facts & Procedural History

Petitioner sought to change zoning from agricultural to estate zoning. The surrounding area had changed to more liberal zoning, but the county denied …

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Opinion of the Court
SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge.

SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge.

Richard Road Estates, the owner of real property in southwest Miami-Dade County, seeks second tier certiorari review of a circuit court appellate division decision affirming the refusal of the Miami-Dade County Commission to grant a change in zoning of the petitioner’s property from AU (agricultural zoning permitting one residence per five acres) to EU (“estate” zoning permitting one residence per one acre). We find the ruling a departure from the essential requirements of the law resulting in a miscarriage of justice to the petitioner, see Haines City Cmty. Dev. v. Heggs, 658 So.2d 523 (Fla.1995), and therefore grant relief.

The indisputable evidence is that (a) the previous agricultural nature of the area no longer prevails, so that (b) the surrounding property is now used as permitted either by EU or, if anything, even more liberal zoning.1 In these circumstances, it is obvious that continuing the AU designation results in an instance of impermissible “reverse spot zoning,” which cannot be sus*1119tained. Miami-Dade County v. Valdes, 34 Fla. L. Weekly D194, — So.3d-, 2009 WL 129111 (Fla. 3d DCA Jan. 21, 2009), and cases cited; Debes v. City of Key West, 690 So.2d 700 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997), and cases cited. See also Tollius v. City of Miami, 96 So.2d 122 (Fla.1957).

The County’s justification for the contrary result, which was accepted by the appellate division notwithstanding its ac-knowledgement that the outcome “seems unfair,”2 was the desire to preserve the property’s present status as an area into which excess rain water which would otherwise accumulate on the surrounding land is drained onto the petitioner’s. Richard Road’s property is thus forced to act, as it were, as an uncompensated storm sewer for the neighborhood. As a matter of constitutional law, however, a policy such as this one, which is unrelated to appropriate zoning principles, cannot support the action below. As we said in Debes, concerning a restriction of land use for a much worthier purpose — keeping property available for affordable public housing:3

... [Wjhile this aim may represent a desirable public policy-which might support, for example, the condemnation of property for that use, see State v. Miami Beach Redevelopment Agency, 392 So.2d 875 (Fla.1980)-it emphatically may not be promoted on the back of a private landowner by depriving him of the constitutionally protected use of his property. As the estimable Judge Cowart correctly and succinctly stated:
A property owner is entitled to have his property properly zoned based on proper zoning concepts without regard to the one particular use which the owner might then intend to make of the various uses permitted under a proper zoning classification. A zoning authority’s insistence on considering the owner’s specific use of a parcel of land constitutes not zoning but direct governmental control of the actual use of each parcel of land which is inconsistent with constitutionally guaranteed private property rights.

Porpoise Point Partnership v. St. Johns County, 470 So.2d 850, 851 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); accord ABG Real Estate Dev. Co. v. St. Johns County, 608 So.2d 59, 63 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992), cause dismissed, 613 So.2d 8 (Fla.1993). *1120 Debes, 690 So.2d at 700. See also CNL Resort Hotel, L.P. v. City of Doral, 991 So.2d 417 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008).

For these reasons, the decision of the appellate division is quashed. The cause is remanded with directions to quash the zoning resolutions in question.

Certiorari granted.


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