T & S ENTERPRISES HANDICAP ACCESSIBILITY, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
WINK INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE & REPAIR, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION; L.K. INDUSTRIAL SERVICES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION; BRIAN CLARK AND JENNIFER CLARK, HUSBAND AND WIFE, APPELLEES
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The court held that a third-party claim for contribution is not permissible under the current statutory scheme when the defendant can allocate fault to a non-party under section 768.81(3), Florida Statutes.
[1] A third-party claim for contribution is permissible even if the third-party plaintiff's liability has not yet been established.
[2] The Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act does not preclude the use of procedural rules for bringing third-party claims.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceT&S Enterprises was sued by an employee of Wink Industrial Maintenance, who was injured while performing repairs for T&S. T&S filed a third-party clai…
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T & S Enterprises Handicap Accessibility, Inc., appeals the trial court’s order dismissing its third-party claim for contribution against the appellee, Wink Industrial Maintenance & Repair, Inc. We conclude that the trial court’s ruling was correct as applied to the facts alleged in this case and affirm.
Brian and Jennifer Clark filed a complaint against T & S alleging that Brian Clark was injured and suffered damages in perfoi'ming repair work on T & S’s premis*412es as the result of the negligence of T & S. It was alleged that Brian Clark was an employee of Wink, the entity hired by T & S to perform the repairs. Wink was not made a party defendant, even though it did not have worker’s compensation insurance covering Brian Clark.
T & S filed a third-party complaint against Wink for contribution, alleging that Wink was negligent in failing to properly train Brian Clark, failing to properly supervise him, failing to provide adequate equipment, and failing to provide a proper and safe work environment.
Following a hearing on Wink’s motion to dismiss, the trial court entered its order dismissing T & S’s third-party complaint. The trial court found that the Florida Legislature abolished joint and several liability for joint tortfeasors and that section 768.31, Florida Statutes (2006), mandates that a court enter judgment against a party on the basis of that party’s percentage of fault, and not on the basis of joint and several liability. The trial court also found that the right of contribution exists only in favor of a tortfeasor who has paid more than its pro rata share of common liability and that the third-party complaint failed to state a cause of action for contribution as a matter of law.
Section 768.81, the Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act, was in effect at the time of the trial court’s ruling and is still in effect. The Act provides that when two or more persons become jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property, there is a right of contribution among them.
In spite of the statutory language which appears to limit the right to seek contribution only in favor of a tortfeasor who has paid more than her or his pro rata share of the common liability, for over 30 years, district courts of appeal in this state have held that a defendant could file a third-party claim against another in the same case brought by the plaintiff, even though the liability of that third-party plaintiff had not yet been established. See, e.g., Gortz v. Lytal, Reiter, Clark, Sharpe, Roca, Fountain & Williams, 769 So.2d 484, 487 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000); Attorneys’ Title Ins. Fund, Inc. v. Punta Gorda Isles, Inc., 547 So.2d 1250, 1251 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989); N.H. Ins. Co. v. Petrik, 343 So.2d 48, 48-50 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977); Fla. Power Corp. v. Taylor, 332 So.2d 687, 692 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976); Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Fouts, 323 So.2d 593, 594 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975).
The rationale was that rule 1.180, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, provides for third-party actions against a person not a party to the main action who is or may be liable to a named defendant for all or a part of the plaintiffs claim. The opinions reasoned that the Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act does not provide that the Act is the only procedural vehicle available to a defendant seeking contribution. Since the Act was, at least in part, procedural, it was subject to the rule making authority of the supreme court, and rule 1.180 permitted the third-party action as part of the original plaintiffs case.
All of these cases, however, were decided before the current version of section 768.31 was enacted. That section now provides that in negligence cases such as this one, the court shall enter judgment against each party liable on the basis of such party’s percentage of fault “and not on the basis of the doctrine of joint and several liability.” § 768.81(3). In order to allocate any fault to a nonparty, a defendant must affirmatively plead this fault and prove it at trial “by a preponderance of the evidence.” § 768.81(3)(a) & (b).
In this case, very similar procedures are available to T & S, except that Wink would not be a named party. T & S has the *413opportunity to plead that Wink is partially or completely at fault and the cause of the plaintiffs’ injuries. The evidence would presumably be the same whether presented in this case under the provisions of section 768.81(3) or in an action brought under the Uniform Contribution Among Tortfeasors Act. The jury would determine the same issues under section 768.81(3) as it would in a third-party action, and it is unlikely that T & S will be required to pay more than its pro rata share of any common liability. While the cases cited in this opinion may not have been overruled by the enactment of the current version of section 768.81, they appear to have been rendered obsolete, at least in cases like this one.
This decision does not determine any rights T & S may have if it elects to settle the plaintiffs’ claims in exchange for a general release which includes Wink.
Affirmed.
ALTENBERND and FULMER, JJ., Concur.
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Port Charlotte HMA, LLC v. Iala Suarez, 210 So. 3d 187 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016)…judgment against each party on the basis of such party’s percentage of fault and not on the basis of the doctrine of joint and several liability.” § 768.81(3); see T & S Enters. Handicap Accessibility, Inc. v. Wink Indus. Maintenance & Repair, Inc., 11 So. 3d 411, 412 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009) (recognizing that joint and several liability was eliminated in section 768.81(3)). Therefore, the holding in D’Angelo, which was based on specific language authorizing a setoff against economic damages on the basis of joint…
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Claudio v. Misael Regalado, Sr., 116 So. 3d 451 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013)…s. Regalado. Because of the minor difference in procedural posture between a counter-defendant such as Mrs. Regalado and a third-party defendant as discussed in T & S Enterprises Handicap Accessibility, Inc. v. Wink Industrial Maintenance & Repair, 11 So. 3d 411 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009), we certify the following questions to the supreme court as ones of great public importance: AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF CHAPTER 2006-6, SECTION 1, AT 191-92, LAWS OF FLORIDA, IS A DEFENDANT PRECLUDED FROM RAISING A CLAIM FOR CON…1 / 2
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Tsafatinos v. Fam. Dollar Stores OF Fla., Inc., 116 So. 3d 576 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013)…njuries. Therefore, the trial court correctly dismissed this count of Mr. Tsafatinos’ complaint. See Welch, 818 So. 2d at 649. Family Dollar’s reliance on T & S Enterprises Handicap Accessibility, Inc. v. Wink Industrial Maintenance & Repair, Inc., 11 So. 3d 411 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009), holding that the abolition of joint and several liability acts to defeat all third-party causes of action for contribution, is misplaced. The court in Wink reasoned that because judgment is now entered purely on a pro rata findin…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Fla. Power Corp. v. Taylor, 332 So. 2d 687 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)
- NEW Hampshire Ins. Co. v. Petrik, 343 So. 2d 48 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977)
- Attorneys' Title Ins. Fund, Inc. v. Punta Gorda Isles, Inc., 547 So. 2d 1250 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)
- Gortz v. Lytal, 769 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)
- Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. & Larry McCoy Milam v. Fouts, 323 So. 2d 593 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)