BANCO INDUSTRIAL DE VENEZUELA, C.A., MIAMI AGENCY, ETC., AND BIV INVESTMENTS AND MANAGEMENT, INC., ETC., A/K/A BIV INVERSORES Y PROMOTORES, APPELLANTS/CROSS-APPELLEES,
v.
ESPERANZA DE SAAD AND JOSEPH BEELER, P.A., APPELLEES/CROSS-APPELLANTS

Fla. 3d DCA | 2009-09-16
No. 3B08-1713
Before SUAREZ and SALTER, JJ., and SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge.
21 So. 3d 46 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2009) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Banco Industrial de Venezuela and its Miami agency BIV appeal a summary judgment in favor of their former officer de Saad and her attorney Beeler on claims for statutory indemnification and breach of employment contract. The court affirmed, holding that de Saad was entitled to indemnification for legal fees incurred defending criminal charges because she was acquitted and the charges arose from her corporate role, and that BIV breached her employment contract by suspending her indefinitely without pay or proper termination.


Holding

The court held that de Saad was entitled to statutory indemnification because: (1) she was prosecuted by reason of being a corporate officer, and (2) her acquittal constitutes success 'on the merits or otherwise' under section 607.0850, Florida Statutes. The court also held that BIV breached the employment contract by indefinitely suspending de Saad without pay, as the contract permitted suspension only until charges were 'clarified,' and once clarified, BIV was obligated either to pay her or terminate her for cause.


Headnotes

[1] A corporate officer who is acquitted of criminal charges is considered "successful on the merits or otherwise" for purposes of statutory indemnification, even if the acqu…

[2] A corporate officer prosecuted "by reason of the fact" that they were an officer is entitled to indemnification for legal expenses incurred in defending the charges, rega…

Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“the right of a 'successful' corporate officer to indemnification derives from his status as a corporate officer. If the conduct resulting in the prosecution was done in his capacity as a corporate officer, without regard to what his motivation may have been, then the ensuing prosecution was 'by reason of the fact that' he was a corporate officer.”

Establishes that indemnification is based on corporate status and role, not on motivation or innocence

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

De Saad was vice-president and general manager of BIV. She was charged with money laundering and conspiracy based on alleged facilitation of drug proc…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
SUAREZ, J.

SUAREZ, J.

Banco Industrial De Venezuela, C.A. (“Banco”), and BIV Investments and Management, Inc. (“BIV”), appeal a final summary judgment in favor of Esperanza de Saad (“de Saad”) and Joseph Beeler, P.A. (“Beeler”), in an action for statutory indemnification and breach of contract. We affirm the trial court’s grant of final summary judgment on both the count for statutory indemnification and the count for breach of contract.

FACTS AND PROCEDURE BELOW

De Saad is the former vice-president and general manager of Banco’s Miami agency, BIV. As part of an undercover sting operation involving a U.S. Customs confidential informant, de Saad was alleged to have facilitated the deposit of approximately $4 million in drug proceeds into BIV accounts. On May 19, 1998, the United States charged de Saad with ten counts of money laundering and one count of conspiracy to launder money while acting in her capacity as the vice-president of BIV. De Saad retained the services of attorney Beeler to represent her in the criminal proceedings. As part of their fee agreement, de Saad assigned Beeler her right to seek indemnification for attorney’s fees and costs under sections 607.0850(1) and (3), Florida Statutes (1999). After a lengthy trial in which the jury found her guilty on all counts, the trial judge granted de Saad’s motion for judgment of acquittal as to all counts finding that the United States had failed to prove all of the necessary elements of the alleged crimes. The United States filed an appeal of the trial court’s acquittal. Seven months after her acquittal, de Saad was charged and pled *48guilty to one count of money structuring on the condition that the government drop the appeal of the judgment of acquittal on the money laundering and conspiracy charges. The government dropped the appeal. De Saad then sought from BIV her past wages pursuant to her contract of employment and also sought indemnification for attorney’s fees incurred in her defense of the money laundering and conspiracy charges. BIV denied both claims.

De Saad then filed the present state court action against BIV. Her amended complaint seeks statutory indemnification pursuant to section 607.0850 to recover the costs and attorney’s fees in defending the money laundering charges and claims past wages based on breach of her Employment Contract with BIV.1 Beeler filed a complaint in intervention based on the assigned right to attorney’s fees and costs in defending de Saad on the money laundering charges.2 De Saad, Beeler and BIV moved for summary judgment on the indemnification claims. The trial court entered summary judgment on liability in favor of de Saad and Beeler on the statutory indemnification counts. The trial court held a bench trial on indemnification damages and awarded de Saad $2,895,096.41 on the indemnification claim and Beeler $1,636,168.13. Following the bench trial, both sides moved for summary judgment on the breach of contract claims. The trial judge granted summary judgment on the breach of contract claims in favor of de Saad and Beeler. On the breach of contract claims, the trial court entered final summary judgment in favor of de Saad and Beeler and awarded $1,058,023.82 to de Saad exclusively. This appeal followed.

BTVS APPEAL OF THE FINAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT FOR INDEMNIFICATION

BIV contends on appeal that the trial court did not apply the correct law on the claims for indemnification. We disagree. BIV argues, in support of its appeal, that a question remains, under the terms of sections 607.0850(1) and (3), as to whether or not de Saad’s acquittal meets the statutory requirements of being “successful on the merits or otherwise,” and whether the acts with which she was charged were performed by “reason of the fact” that she was an officer of the corporation. Section 607.0850, Florida Statutes (1999) provides in pertinent part:

607.0850 Indemnification of officers, directors, employees, and agents.—

(1) A corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party to any proceeding (other than an action by, or in the right of, the corporation), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation ....
(3) To the extent that a director, officer, employee, or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or othenm.se in defense of any proceeding referred to in subsection (1) or subsection (2), or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith.

(emphasis supplied)

The case of Perconti v. Thornton Oil Corp., No. CIV. A. 18630-N.C., 2002 WL *49982419 (Del.Ch.2002) interprets a Delaware statute, which is strikingly similar to section 607.0850, in a factually similar situation to the present. That case deals with indemnification of a corporate officer in defense of a lawsuit. Perconti was charged with twenty counts of embezzlement from Thornton Oil Corporation. Perconti went to trial, a mistrial was declared, and the charges against him were dismissed. The Delaware statute, as does the Florida Statute, requires that the former director or officer of the corporation who seeks indemnification must have been both “successful on the merits or otherwise” and must have been prosecuted “by reason of the fact” that the person was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation.3

Perconti filed an action for statutory indemnification to recover expenses incurred in defending the criminal suit. Thornton Oil Corporation contended that indemnification was precluded because Perconti’s activities were undertaken for personal gain and not for corporate purpose. The Court of Chancery held that:

[t]he right of a ‘successful’ corporate officer to indemnification derives from his status as a corporate officer. If the conduct resulting in the prosecution was done in his capacity as a corporate officer, without regard to what his motivation may have been, then the ensuing prosecution was “by reason of the fact that” he was a corporate officer.

Perconti, 2002 WL 982419, at *4.

The court went on to hold that the statute “[ajssures indemnification to the corporate officer who has been ‘successful’ in the criminal proceeding. It does not require a determination that the corporate officer was ‘innocent’.” Perconti, at *4; see Merritt-Chapman & Scott Corp. v. Wolfson, 321 A.2d 138, 141 (Del.Super.Ct.1974) (holding that any result other than conviction must be considered success). The Delaware court found that dismissal of the charges was equivalent to “success on the merits” under the statute. It concluded that there were no material facts in dispute, and that Perconti, as a matter of law, was entitled to summary judgment indemnifying him in accordance with the indemnification statute. We follow the Delaware court’s holding and likewise find that the trial court correctly granted final summary judgment in favor of de Saad and Beeler on the statutory indemnification claims, as de Saad was prosecuted “by reason of the fact” that she was an director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation and was acquitted because she was “successful on the merits or otherwise.”4 See Investors Ins. Group, *50 Inc. v. Kling, 712 So.2d 1258 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).

BIVS APPEAL OF THE FINAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT

BIV contends the trial court erred in granting de Saad’s motion for summary judgment for breach of the Employment Contract claiming that disputed issues of material fact exist as to the meaning of the contract and which party breached it. BIV suspended de Saad but never terminated her employment as provided for in the Contract of Employment.5 BIV suspended her without pay and relies on the personnel manual which specifies grounds for suspension of an employee when certain charges are pending for clarification. The Manual provides for suspension, but only until the charges are clarified. It does not provide for indefinite suspension. As de Saad points out, the term “clarification” is defined as “to make clear or easier to understand.” Webster’s II New Collegiate Dictionary 206 (2001). We do not equate the meaning of clarification to be the same as the meaning of resolution or disposition. Certainly, the charges against de Saad were clarified, if not by the United States’s filing of the Second Superseding Indictment, they were clarified by BIV’s findings in its own internal audit after de Saad’s indictment. Once the charges against de Saad were “clarified,” BIV had two options under the Contract. It could either pay her the compensation as required under the contract or terminate her under one of the justified reasons for termination under the Contract. BIV did neither. Therefore, we agree with the trial court’s finding that BIV breached the Contract and affirm the Summary Final Judgment entered in favor of de Saad and Beeler. See Paladyne Corp. v. Weindruch, 867 So.2d 630 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004); Barakat v. Broward County Hous. Auth., 771 So.2d 1193 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000).

Affirmed.6

SALTER, J., concurs.

SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge

(specially concurring in part).

I concur as to the result only in the court’s disposition of the breach of contract issue. I do so without specifically ruling on — because the bank did not make the argument either below or on appeal — the possibility that the legal effect of the employer’s actions in “suspending” de Saad without pay amounted to what would have been an appropriate discharge for cause and should have been treated as such, notwithstanding that it was called something else.7 See Miami-Dade County v. *51 Valdes, 9 So.3d 17, 18 n. 2 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009) (“Legal consequences are ‘determined not by what [something] is called, but by what it does’ and is.” (quoting Boyd v. Boyd, 478 So.2d 356, 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), review denied, 488 So.2d 67 (Fla. 1986))); Scharf v. Smith, 498 So.2d 686, 686 n. 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Levitz Furniture Co. of E. Region, Inc. v. Cont’l Equities, Inc., 411 So.2d 221, 224 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982), 419 So.2d 1196 (Fla.1982). See also Walls v. Endel, 20 Fla. 86 (1883); 205 Jacksonville, LLC v. A-Affordable Air, LLC, 16 So.3d 974 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009). Because such a discharge would have been fully justified by the contract and the facts of the case, and because the mere unfortunate, but insignificant use of a euphemism has resulted in de Saad’s being paid at her contract rate for years of no work after she could have and should have been (and probably was) fired, it seems to me that we may have upheld a serious wrong.

I agree entirely with the court as to the indemnification issue.

Concurrence
SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge

SCHWARTZ, Senior Judge

(specially concurring in part).

I concur as to the result only in the court’s disposition of the breach of contract issue. I do so without specifically ruling on — because the bank did not make the argument either below or on appeal — the possibility that the legal effect of the employer’s actions in “suspending” de Saad without pay amounted to what would have been an appropriate discharge for cause and should have been treated as such, notwithstanding that it was called something else.7 See Miami-Dade County v. Valdes, 9 So. 3d 17, 18 n. 2 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009) (“Legal consequences are ‘determined not by what [something] is called, but by what it does’ and is.” (quoting Boyd v. Boyd, 478 So. 2d 356, 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), review denied, 488 So. 2d 67 (Fla. 1986))); Scharf v. Smith, 498 So. 2d 686, 686 n. 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Levitz Furniture Co. of E. Region, Inc. v. Cont’l Equities, Inc., 411 So. 2d 221, 224 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982), 419 So. 2d 1196 (Fla.1982). See also Walls v. Endel, 20 Fla. 86 (1883); 205 Jacksonville, LLC v. A-Affordable Air, LLC, 16 So. 3d 974 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009). Because such a discharge would have been fully justified by the contract and the facts of the case, and because the mere unfortunate, but insignificant use of a euphemism has resulted in de Saad’s being paid at her contract rate for years of no work after she could have and should have been (and probably was) fired, it seems to me that we may have upheld a serious wrong.

I agree entirely with the court as to the indemnification issue.

. Quite coincidentally, the following appeared in a recent article about an erring teacher: "Without discussion, board members suspended [her] without pay Tuesday — an effective termination....” Patricia Mazzei, Teach er Accused of Pushing Boy is Fired, Miami Herald, August 19, 2009, at 4B (emphasis added).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Banco Indus. de Venezuela C.A. v. de Saad, 68 So. 3d 895 (Fla. 2011)
    …ela, C.A., Miami Agency, and its subsidiary, BIV Investments and Management, Inc. (collectively referred to as “BIV”), seek review of the decision of the Third District Court of Appeal in Banco Industrial De Venezuela, C.A., Miami Agency v. de Saad, 21 So. 3d 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009).1 For the reasons expressed below, we quash the Third District’s decision. I. BACKGROUND The following facts are set forth in the Third District’s decision: De Saad is the former vice-president and general manager of Banco [Ind…
  • Banco Indus. de Venezuela v. de Saad, 126 So. 3d 259 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010)
    …IV”), have filed a notice under Rule 9.120, Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure, invoking the discretionary jurisdiction of the Florida Supreme Court to review this Court’s decision in this matter. See Banco Industrial De Venezuela, C.A. v. de Saad, 21 So. 3d 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009). We now address Banco Industrial’s and BIV’s Motion to Stay the Effect of, or in the Alternative, Withdraw This Court’s Mandate pending resolution of their Notice to Invoke the Discretionary Jurisdiction of the Florida Supreme Cou…

Authorities Cited (11 total)

View all 11 cited authorities →

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw