A.H., FATHER OF A.G. AND J.G., CHILDREN, APPELLANT,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 2009-11-23
No. 5D09-611
EVANDER and COHEN, JJ„ concur.
22 So. 3d 801 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2009) Positive Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

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Holding

The court held that the trial court erred in terminating parental rights by default when the parent was excused from attending the final hearing and the court failed to provide proper statutory warnings.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by entering a default termination of parental rights when the parent makes reasonable efforts to be present and is delayed by circumst…

[2] A court must comply with statutory requirements, including specific admonishments to the parent, before terminating parental rights based on the parent's failure to appea…

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Facts & Procedural History

The Department of Children and Families sought to terminate Appellant's parental rights. Appellant informed the court he could not attend the final he…

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Opinion of the Court
TORPY, J.

TORPY, J.

Appellant challenges the order terminating his parental rights to his children, A.G. *802and J.G., based on his purported default for failure to attend the final hearing. Because the trial judge excused Appellant from attending the hearing and suggested that his attorney could appear in his stead, we reverse the order and remand this cause for an adjudicatory hearing on the merits.

The Florida Department of Children and Families sought to terminate Appellant’s parental rights to A.G. and J.G., alleging that he had abandoned them. Appellant appeared at an advisory hearing on April 9, 2008, where the court appointed attorney Randolph Kramer to represent him in the proceeding and set the case for trial in May 2008. The court advised Appellant that if he did not appear for trial, his rights could be terminated, stating:

Sir, listen to me very carefully. If you fail to appear for trial, it is the same as surrendering your parental rights. Upon a showing of manifest best interest, your parental rights to these two children will be surrendered. So you need to stay in contact with your attorney.

The trial was later continued until January 8, 2009.

One month before trial, Appellant emailed his attorney explaining that he would be unable to attend the trial because he was not “financially equipped to be flying to and fro, or physically fit to travel such distances.” He indicated that he received epidural injections in his back every three weeks and due to the continuances, he had to change his travel reservations many times, which had become very expensive. Mr. Kramer filed the email with the court.

Appellant appeared telephonically at a status hearing on January 5, 2009, during which Appellant informed the court that he could not attend the trial. The court responded: “Okay. Well, your attorney will be here,” to which Appellant replied, “Okay.” The court did not remind Appellant that failure to appear in person may constitute consent to termination of his parental rights.

When Appellant failed to appear three days later for the termination trial, the Department asked the court to enter a consent to termination based on Appellant’s failure to appear. Mr. Kramer objected “for the record,” without further elaboration, and reminded the court of Appellant’s statements at the status hearing that he lived in New York and would not be there for trial. The court, nevertheless, granted the default. Immediately thereafter, Mr. Kramer requested that he be “discharged from any further responsibility in this matter.” The court granted his request, and the hearing proceeded without the presence of Appellant or his attorney. The court entered a consent to termination on behalf of Appellant, found that he had abandoned his children and terminated his parental rights.

Section 39.801(3)(d), Florida Statutes (2008), addresses requirements that must be met before a court may terminate parental rights for a parent’s failure to appear at an adjudicatory hearing, and provides:

(d) If the person served with notice under this section fails to personally appear at the advisory hearing, the failure to personally appear shall constitute consent for termination of parental rights by the person given such notice. If a parent appears for the advisory hearing and the court orders that parent to personally appear at the adjudicatory hearing for the petition for termination of parental rights, stating the date, time, and location of said hearing, then failure of that parent to personally appear at the adjudicatory *803hearing shall constitute consent for termination of parental rights.

(Emphasis supplied).

We conclude that the court failed to comply with this statute. Although the court advised Appellant at the initial advisory hearing in April 2008 that his failure to appear for trial could result in termination of his rights, at the status hearing almost nine months later, the court failed to give this instruction to Appellant, even when Appellant informed the court that he would not be present. Indeed, the court intimated that Appellant’s attorney could appear for him.

Moreover, even if the trial court had complied with section 39.801, it was still error to enter a consent by default on the facts presented here. Constructive consent should be the disfavored result in termination of parental rights cases. B.H. v. Dep’t of Children & Families, 882 So.2d 1099, 1100 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004). While the statute authorizes a default for failure to appear, the “courts should ordinarily refrain from determining a termination of parental rights by default where an absent parent is making reasonable effort to be present at the scheduled hearing and is delayed by forces or circumstances beyond the parent’s control.” R.P. v. Dep’t of Children & Families, 835 So.2d 1212, 1214 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003). Courts should never determine termination of parental rights cases on a “default basis or by ‘gotcha’ practices when a parent makes a reasonable effort to be present at a hearing and is delayed by circumstances beyond his control.” B.H., 882 So.2d at 1100.

Here, it is clear from the record that the court was aware that Appellant was not going to appear at the adjudicatory hearing. Appellant’s counsel filed an email with the court stating the reasons for this absence. The court was aware that Appellant was in New York, and at the status hearing, the court acknowledged that Appellant would not be at the adjudicatory hearing three days later. The court’s response to Appellant’s confirmation that he would not be at the hearing reasonably could have led Appellant to believe that his presence was not required and that his attorney could and would represent his interests in his absence. Instead, Appellant’s attorney failed to request a continuance, made a half-hearted objection to the request for a default and sought to be discharged at the first available opportunity. Under these unique facts we are constrained to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion when it entered the default.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

EVANDER and COHEN, JJ„ concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • C.R. v. Dep't of Child. & Families, 225 So. 3d 393 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017)
    …s protected under the due process umbrella.” E.A. v. Dep’t of Child. & Fams., 894 So. 2d 1049, 1052 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005) (quoting Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982)); see also A.H. v. Dep’t of Child. & Fams., 22 So. 3d 801, 803 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009). The purpose of section 39.801(3)(d) “is not to terminate parental rights on a ‘gotcha’ basis.” E.A., 894 So. 2d at 1051. Rather, it is “intended to ensure that the object of the termination petition is not defeated by the n…
  • W.T. v. K.F.Y., 59 So. 3d 1216 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011)
    …nt at all termination hearings.” In a similar context, this court has held that a default consent termination should not be entered when the parent’s failure to appear is due to forces beyond his control. See A.H. v. Dep’t. of Children and Families, 22 So. 3d 801 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009). We believe the same result should apply in this case. Further, there is neither a transcript, nor an adequate substitute, memorializing the proceedings before the trial court as required by Florida Rule of Juvenile Procedure 8…
  • B.D. v. Dep't of Child. & Families, 46 So. 3d 650 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010)
    …he final judgment terminating appellant’s parental rights, rendered after the entry of a consent by default. Constructive consent should be the disfavored result in a termination of parental rights proceeding. A.H. v. Dep’t of Children and Families, 22 So. 3d 801 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009). The trial court should have either granted a short continuance or permitted appellant to appear by telephone where the record reflects that appellant was making a reasonable effort to personally appear at the scheduled adjudicat…

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