EDWARD SHAW, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Edward Shaw was sentenced as a prison releasee reoffender (PRR) for burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault. Shaw appealed, arguing the jury was not instructed it had to find an assault and that burglary with assault does not qualify as a PRR offense. The court affirmed, holding that the jury's verdict implicitly found the assault element and that burglary with assault qualifies under the PRR catch-all provision because assault inherently involves threat or use of physical force.
The court held that Shaw could be sentenced as a PRR because (1) the jury's guilty verdict on the charge of burglary of an occupied conveyance with assault necessarily established it found the assault element, satisfying Apprendi requirements, and (2) burglary with assault qualifies under the PRR catch-all provision because assault by definition involves an intentional, unlawful threat or apparent ability to do violence, which satisfies the statute's requirement of use or threat of physical force.
[1] Burglary of a conveyance with battery is not a qualifying offense for prison releasee reoffender (PRR) sentencing under Florida Statutes section 775.082(9)(a)1.
[2] For an offense to qualify as a forcible felony for PRR sentencing, the statutory elements of the offense must include the threat or use of physical force or violence.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“By definition, an assault always involves an "intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so."”
Establishes that assault as an element inherently satisfies the physical force requirement of the PRR catch-all provision
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceShaw was convicted of burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault. The jury verdict reflected a finding of guilt on all elements, including the…
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Edward Shaw challenges his sentence as a prison releasee reoffender (“PRR”) for burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault. Succinctly summarized, Shaw argues that he could not be sentenced as a PRR because the jury was not specifically instructed that it had to find he committed an assault during the burglary, and because burglary of an occupied conveyance is not a qualifying offense. We reject both these arguments and affirm.
Shaw’s first argument raises an Appren-di 1 issue: that the jury had to specifically determine any facts, other than prior convictions, that may be used to enhance his sentence. Relevant to the instant case, Shaw contends the trial court erred by not specifically instructing the jury that it had to determine that he committed an assault during the burglary. As reflected in its verdict, the jury did just this when it found Shaw guilty of burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault. Shaw’s second argument is equally unmeritorious.
A defendant can be sentenced as a PRR if he commits an enumerated offense or, under the catch-all provision, for “[a]ny felony that involves the use or threat of physical force or violence against an individual” within three years after being released from a state correctional facility in this, or any other jurisdiction, following incarceration for an offense whose punishment is more than a year in this state. § 775.082(9)(a)l.o., Fla. Stat. (2007). The trial court found Shaw qualified as a PRR under the catch-all provision.
Shaw argues he did not qualify for PRR sentencing because burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault does not fit within the catch-all provision, citing Gorham v. State, 988 So.2d 152 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008), and Tumblin v. State, 965 So.2d 354 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007). In both these cases, the defendants were convicted of burglary with an assault or battery and sentenced as PRRs under the catch-all provision. In Tumblin, 965 So.2d at 356, the court reversed because, “[ljike battery on a law enforcement officer ... the offense could be committed by an unlawful touching during a burglary and does not necessarily include the threat or use of *53physical force or violence.” Following Ttmblin, the court in Gorham, 988 So.2d at 154, also reversed the defendant’s PRR sentence. Both these cases simply followed the supreme court’s decision in State v. Hearns, 961 So.2d 211, 218 (Fla.2007), which held that committing a felony with a simple battery was not a forcible felony that qualified for enhanced sentencing under the violent career criminal statute. These cases do not hold or intimate that a defendant cannot qualify for PRR sentencing when he commits a burglary, or other felony, with an assault. In fact, a plain look at the elements of the offense Shaw committed reveals that it is a qualifying offense under the catch-all provision. See id. at 216 (whether an offense qualifies under the catch-all provision is determined by looking at the elements of the offense).
Undisputedly, burglary is a felony. By definition, an assault always involves an “intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so....” § 784.011(1), Fla. Stat. (2007). Consequently, under the statutory elements test, burglary of an occupied conveyance with an assault qualifies as an offense under the catch-all provision of the PRR statute, and Shaw was properly sentenced as one.
In rendering our decision, we recognize the irony that a defendant who commits a battery during the commission of a felony does not qualify as a PRR under the statute, but a defendant who commits an assault does. It is the Legislature’s duty to correct any incongruity.
AFFIRMED.
LAWSON and EVANDER, JJ., concur.
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State v. Hackley, 95 So. 3d 92 (Fla. 2012)…1st DCA 2010), which held that burglary of a conveyance with an assault does not qualify for PRR sentencing. The First District certified its decision to be in direct conflict with the decision of the Fifth District Court of Appeal in Shaw v. State, 26 So. 3d 51 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009). We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const. For the reasons that follow, we agree with the Fifth District that burglary of a conveyance with an assault is a qualifying offense under the PRR statute. BACKGROUND On…
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Ellis v. State, 135 So. 3d 478 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014)…e Santiago v. State, 76 So. 3d 1027, 1031 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). A conviction of assault alone would support PRR sentencing because the definition of assault encompasses a threat of violence without any nonforce alternatives. Id. (citing Shaw v. State, 26 So. 3d 51 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009)). However, because burglary with assault or battery encompasses the alternative of battery, which includes the nonforce option of mere touching, that offense cannot support the PRR enhancement under section 775.082(8)(a)(l)(o). I…
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McCLELLION v. State, 186 So. 3d 1129 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016)…A 2005). The Florida Supreme Court has recognized that an assault neeéssarily involves a threat of violence and qualifies under the catchall provision in the PRR statute. State v. Hackley, 95 So. 3d 92, 94 (Fla.2012); see [*1132] also Shaw v. State, 26 So. 3d 51, 53 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009). Elsewhere in his motion, and in his rehearing motion, Appellant claimed “manifest injustice” and argued that he was convicted of an uncharged offense because the elements of the lesser offense of aggravated assault were not…
Previewing 3 of 10 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (U.S. 2000)
- State v. Hearns, 961 So. 2d 211 (Fla. 2007)
- Tavorris Tumblin v. State, 965 So. 2d 354 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007)
- Gorham v. State, 988 So. 2d 152 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)