EUGENE HARRIELL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that the appellant failed to preserve his claim of an improper peremptory challenge because his attorney did not dispute the prosecutor's factual basis for the strike.
[1] A defendant must preserve a claim that a prosecutor's peremptory challenge was based on non-verbal behavior unsupported by the record by expressly disputing the factual b…
[2] Sleeping is a race-neutral reason for exercising a peremptory challenge against a prospective juror.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDuring jury selection, the prosecutor exercised a peremptory challenge against a juror, stating he was sleeping. The trial court and codefendant's att…
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Appellant was convicted of robbery, burglary, grand theft, and attempted aggravated battery. We write to address his argument that the state improperly exercised a peremptory challenge against an African-American juror. We affirm, because appellant failed to preserve his claim that the prosecutor’s challenge to a prospective juror was based on non-verbal behavior unsupported by the record.
The state exercised a peremptory challenge against juror Sanders. The prosecutor explained that the juror “was sleeping. He had his eyes closed and I was watching him for ten minutes.” The attorney for the codefendant said that she “didn’t see him sleeping at all,” to which the trial judge replied, “I didn’t see him sleeping either.” However, appellant’s attorney did not dispute the prosecutor’s observation; he said, “Whether he’s sleeping or not, if he had his eyes closed, it doesn’t matter. He can still be listening. He could be resting his eyes.” The trial court allowed the peremptory challenge. Although appellant’s attorney generally objected to the exercise of the challenge, he did not directly refute the prosecutor’s adamant claim that the juror had been sleeping.1
Appellant mainly relies on Dorsey v. State, 868 So.2d 1192 (Fla.2003). There, the state exercised a peremptory challenge against an African-American woman, on the ground that she “appeared disinterested throughout” and “was sort of staring at the wall.” Id. at 1194. Defense counsel disputed the prosecutor’s observations by pointing out that the woman was attentive and was the only person to indicate that she was happy to be at jury duty. Id. The trial court allowed the state’s challenge, stating that, although he “didn’t notice” the woman’s disinterest, he would *374“take [the prosecutor] at her word.” Id. at 1195 (brackets in original).
The supreme court reversed and held that the state did not satisfy its burden of production under step 2 of the Melbourne v. State2 analysis, since it did not proffer a non-discriminatory reason for the challenge that was either observed by the trial court or supported by the record. Dorsey, 868 So.2d at 1199-1200, 1202-03. Step 2 of the Melbourne process requires the proponent of a strike to offer a “raceL neutral explanation” for the strike. Melbourne, 679 So.2d at 764. A race-neutral explanation is one where “no predominant discriminatory intent is apparent” from the given explanation, taken at face value. Id. at 764 n. 6. In essence, the supreme court in Dorsey created a new hurdle for a proponent of a strike when the basis is nonverbal behavior. Such nonverbal behavior must either be observed by the trial court or supported by the record.
Significantly, however, before this hurdle arises, “opposing counsel [must] challenge[ ] the factual basis for the explanation [if] the trial court does not observe the behavior, and the record does not otherwise support the reason advanced.” Dorsey, 868 So.2d at 1196 (footnote omitted). The supreme court was clear on the need for a lawyer to preserve a Dorsey claim: “[T]his issue does not arise where the opponent does not dispute the observation proffered as the reason for the strike.” Id. at 1196 n. 3 (citation omitted). Failure to preserve the issue removes the Dorsey hurdle.
In this case, unlike the codefen-dant’s lawyer, appellant’s attorney did not preserve his claim as required by Dorsey because he did not expressly dispute the prosecutor’s observations about juror Sanders. At best, the defense attorney conceded that the juror’s eyes may have been closed, but suggested that the juror may not have been sleeping. Sleeping is a race-neutral reason for exercising a challenge against a prospective juror. See Davis v. State, 560 So.2d 1346, 1347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990). As the supreme court stated in Dorsey, once the “burden of production is satisfied, the proponent is entitled to the presumption that the reason is genuine.” Dorsey, 868 So.2d at 1199.
On the remaining issue, we find no error in the trial court’s denial of appellant’s motions for judgment of acquittal, because the state presented evidence sufficient to establish all the elements of the crimes charged. As to the grand theft charge, there was evidence that appellant had possession of the recently stolen van, which gave rise to the presumption that he knew, or should have known, it was stolen. See § 812.022(2), Fla. Stat. (2008).
Affirmed.
MAY and CIKLIN, JJ., concur.
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Citator
Cited By
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Denis v. State, 137 So. 3d 583 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)…would be a legitimate race-neutral reason.” As our court has held, when the race-neutral explanation for a strike is based on nonverbal behavior, that behavior must either be observed by the trial court or supported by the record. Harriell v. State, 29 So. 3d 372, 374 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010) (citing Dorsey, 868 So. 2d at 1199-1200,1202-03). Because the record is devoid of any indication that the trial judge implicitly or explicitly conducted a genuineness analysis, as required by step three of the Melbourne pro…
Authorities Cited
- Jeanie H. Melbourne v. State, 679 So. 2d 759 (Fla. 1996)
- Dorsey v. State, 868 So. 2d 1192 (Fla. 2003)
- Young v. State, 744 So. 2d 1077 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Davis v. State, 560 So. 2d 1346 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)