MICHAEL CLEMENTE JOHNSON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2010-06-22
No. 1D09-1711
Clark, J., Hawkes, C.J., Roberts, J.
37 So. 3d 975 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2010) Positive Treatment
Cited by 10 cases

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Synopsis

Florida's cocaine sale statute does not violate substantive due process by omitting guilty knowledge as an element, because the legislature explicitly provided in section 893.101 that lack of knowledge of the controlled substance's illicit nature is an affirmative defense rather than an element of the crime.


Holding

A statute criminalizing sale or delivery of cocaine without requiring guilty knowledge as an element does not violate substantive due process when the legislature has explicitly stated that lack of knowledge is an affirmative defense.


Headnotes

[1] A statute criminalizing drug offenses need not include guilty knowledge as an element when the legislature has explicitly provided by statute that lack of knowledge of th…

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Facts & Procedural History

Michael Clemente Johnson was convicted of sale or delivery of cocaine under Florida Statutes section 893.13(l)(a)(l).…

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Opinion of the Court
CLARK, J.

CLARK, J.

The appellant was convicted of sale or delivery of cocaine, as proscribed by section 893.13(l)(a)(l), Florida Statutes. In this appeal he challenges the constitutionality of that statute, in that it makes the offense a felony without requiring that guilty knowledge be an element of the crime. Relying on language in Staples v. United States, 511 U.S. 600, 114 S.Ct. 1793, 128 L.Ed.2d 608 (1994), and Chicone v. State, 684 So.2d 736 (Fla.1996), the appellant argues that this offends substantive due process. Staples and Chicone referred to regulatory offenses in the public welfare, and the level of punishment thereunder, in discussing principles of statutory construction where there has not been a clear expression of legislative intent as to whether guilty knowledge is an element of a crime. But in response to Chicone and Scott v. State, 808 So.2d 166 (Fla.2002), the Florida legislature clearly expressed its intent in section 893.101, Florida Statutes, by stating that “knowledge of the illicit nature of a controlled substance” is not an element of an offense under chapter 893, and that instead lack of such knowledge is an affirmative defense. That provision has been upheld in other cases upon due process challenges. See e.g. Harris v. State, 932 So.2d 551 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006). The appellant’s due process challenge is likewise without merit.

AFFIRMED.

HAWKES, C.J., and ROBERTS, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Flagg v. State, 74 So. 3d 138 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
    …This exact same argument has been rejected many times by this court and the other district courts of appeal. See, e.g., Williams v. State, 45 So. 3d 14, 16 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010) (citing cases), rev. denied, 53 So. 3d 1022 (Fla.2011); Johnson v. State, 37 So. 3d 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010), rev. denied, 51 So. 3d 465 (Fla.2010); Wright v. State, 920 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005), rev. denied, 915 So. 2d 1198 (Fla.2005). Flagg acknowledges this contrary authority, but contends that we should recede from our prior de…
  • Jasper Little v. State, 77 So. 3d 722 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011)
  • State v. Washington, 114 So. 3d 182 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012)
    …rmative defense that may be raised by the defendant, constitutional due process challenges were raised and ultimately rejected by the appellate courts across the state. See e.g., Williams v. State, 45 So. 3d 14 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010); Johnson v. State, 37 So. 3d 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010); Harris v. State, 932 So. 2d 551 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006); Taylor, 929 So. 2d at 665; Tolbert v. State, 925 So. 2d 1148 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006); Wright v. State, 920 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005); Smith v. State, 901 So. 2d 1000 (Fla. 4th…

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