THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
JOHN W. FORD, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2010-12-01
No. 3D09-1659
Before SUAREZ, ROTHENBERG, and LAGOA, JJ.
48 So. 3d 948 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2010) Negative Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

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Synopsis

The State appealed a trial court's downward departure from sentencing guidelines in a burglary case. The court sentenced the defendant to probation based on his need for specialized mental health treatment, but the appellate court reversed because the defendant failed to establish by competent evidence that the Department of Corrections could not provide the required treatment.


Holding

The Court held that while the defendant established he requires specialized treatment for a mental disorder and is amenable to treatment, he failed to meet his burden of proving by competent substantial evidence that the Department of Corrections cannot provide such treatment. A conclusory statement in a psychologist's report is insufficient to satisfy this burden.


Headnotes

[1] A downward departure sentence based on the need for specialized treatment unavailable in prison requires the defendant to establish by a preponderance of the evidence tha…

[2] A downward departure sentence under Florida Statutes section 921.0026(2)(d) is not permitted for specialized treatment required for substance abuse or addiction.

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Key Quotes

“the defendant must also establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the Department of Corrections cannot provide the required 'specialized treatment.'”

Establishes the legal burden required for downward departure under subsection (2)(d)

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Facts & Procedural History

The defendant was charged with burglary and possession of burglary tools. Under sentencing guidelines, the minimum permissible sentence was 48.6 month…

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Opinion of the Court
ROTHENBERG, J.

ROTHENBERG, J.

The defendant was charged with burglary and possession of burglary tools, and according to the sentencing guidelines, the lowest permissible sentence he could receive upon a conviction was 48.6 months. Although the State was seeking an enhanced penalty pursuant to the habitual offender statute, the trial court departed downward and sentenced the defendant to three years of probation with special conditions. The State appeals the defendant’s downward departure sentence. Because there is insufficient competent evidence to support the trial court’s ruling, we reverse.

In State v. Salgado, 948 So.2d 12 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006), this Court held that the decision whether to depart downward from the sentencing guidelines is a two-part process.

First, the trial court must determine whether there is a valid legal ground for a downward departure and whether there is adequate factual support for the ground for departure. Second, if there is a valid basis for the trial court to permissibly depart, it must determine whether departure is the best sentencing option for the defendant in the pending case. In other words, the first prong is whether the trial court can legally depart and the second prong is whether the trial court should depart. The trial court’s determination regarding the first prong is a mixed question of law and fact, which will be sustained on review if the trial court applied the correct rule of law and there is competent substantial evidence to support the ruling; whereas the second prong involves a judgment call within the sound discretion of the trial court, which will be sustained on appellate review absent an abuse of discretion.

*950 Id. at 15. Section 921.0026, Florida Statutes (2008), allows a trial court to depart downward from the lowest permissible sentence under the guidelines when the circumstances “reasonably justify the downward departure.”

The subsection the trial court relied on in its downward departure in the instant case is subsection (2)(d), which permits a downward departure where: “The defendant requires specialized treatment for a mental disorder that is unrelated to substance abuse or addiction or for a physical disability, and the defendant is amenable to treatment.” § 921.0026(2)(d).

Florida law, however, requires that, if a departure is to be permitted under subsection (2)(d), “the defendant must also establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the Department of Corrections cannot provide the required ‘specialized treatment.’” State v. Gatto, 979 So.2d 1282, 1283 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008) (emphasis added); see also State v. Scherber, 918 So.2d 423, 424-25 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); State v. Wheeler, 891 So.2d 614, 616 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005).

Testimony from a treating physician regarding the defendant’s mental disabilities and his need for specialized treatment—without more—does not satisfy the defendant’s burden for a departure under subsection (2)(d). For example, in State v. Green, 890 So.2d 1283, 1286 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005), the Second District held that the defendant did not meet her burden where her expert testified that “he was unsure whether treatment was available from the DOC ... based on his observations from the DOC website.” Likewise, in Gatto, the Fourth District found that the doctor’s testimony was insufficient to establish that the defendant could not receive the required specialized treatment for his disorder in prison where the doctor testified that the defendant “could get some treatment, which is better than no treatment.” 979 So.2d at 1233. The court concluded: “At most, Dr. Brannon’s testimony is susceptible to an interpretation that he believed Gatto might receive better or more treatment outside of a prison setting, but not that treatment was unavailable through DOC.” Id. at 1234.1

In the instant action, the defendant clearly established that he requires specialized treatment for a mental disorder that is unrelated to substance abuse or addiction, based on numerous reports in the record detailing his history of mental illness, thus qualifying him for consideration of a downward departure under sec*951tion 921.0026(2)(d). The defendant has also demonstrated that he is amenable to treatment and that he has benefitted from the treatment he is currently receiving. The defendant, however, failed to meet his burden of establishing by a preponderance of the evidence that the Department of Corrections cannot provide the specialized treatment he requires. The only evidence submitted by the defendant in this regard was a psychologist’s report, which merely stated: “At this time, [the defendant’s] treatment needs are not likely to be met in a state correctional facility, given the frequency and intensity of services warranted.” Such an inconclusive statement does not satisfy the defendant’s burden and does not provide sufficient competent substantial evidence to support the trial court’s ruling.

Because the defendant did not establish by competent evidence that the Department of Corrections cannot provide the specialized treatment the defendant requires, we reverse the downward departure sentence imposed. We do so, however, without prejudice to allow the defendant to satisfy — if he can — his burden.

Reversed and remanded.


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Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Chubbuck, 141 So. 3d 1163 (Fla. 2014)
    …the Fourth District Court of Appeal in State v. Chubbuck, 83 So. 3d 918 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (en banc). The district court certified that its decision is in direct conflict with the following decisions of the district courts of appeal: State v. Ford, 48 So. 3d 948 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010), State v. Scherber, 918 So. 2d 423 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006), State v. Holmes, 909 So. 2d 526 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005), State v. Wheeler, 891 So. 2d 614 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005), State v. Green (Green I), 890 So. 2d 1283 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005), State v…
  • Barnhill v. State, 140 So. 3d 1055 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014)
    …trict Courts of Appeal, has required such proof. See, e.g., State v. Hall, 981 So. 2d 511, 514 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008); State v. Scherber, 918 So. 2d 423, 424-25 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); State v. Wheeler, 891 So. 2d 614, 616 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); State v. Ford, 48 So. 3d 948, 950 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); State v. Holmes, 909 So. 2d 526, 528 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005). We also acknowledge that both the Fifth and Fourth District Courts of Appeal have receded from their prior case law and certified conflict with the opinions from this…
  • State v. Chubbuck, 83 So. 3d 918 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012)
    …he defendant must also establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the Department of Corrections cannot provide the required ‘specialized treatment.’ ” State v. Gatto, 979 So. 2d 1232, 1233 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008); see also, e.g., State v. Ford, 48 So. 3d 948, 950 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); State v. Scherber, 918 So. 2d 423, 424-25 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); State v. Holmes, 909 So. 2d 526, 528 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005); State v. Mann, 866 So. 2d 179, 182 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004). Here, the state correctly asserts that Chubbuck…
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